Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Chemical Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse and Pistachio residues Biochar
Zahra
Khanmohammadi
P.h.D Student, Department of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran.
author
Majid
Afyuni
Professor, Department of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
author
Mohammad Reza
Mosaddeghi
Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Organic wastes from agricultural activities have created short- and long-term problematic consequences for farmers and environment. Sugarcane bagasse and pistachio residues are considered important agricultural residues for which application management is necessary. One of the management approaches is the pyrolysis process and transforming the residues into biochar. This study was conducted to investigate some characteristics of sugarcane bagasse, pistachios residues (dried foliar parts) and their biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 400 and 500 °C). The results showed increasing the pyrolysis temperature significantly reduced the percent of solid phase (i.e. biochar’s efficiency) and increased gas and liquid (leachate) phases (LSD0.05). Moreover, increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 500 °C significantly increased the biochar’s pH from 8.4 to 10.8. Pyrolysis led to an increment in the total content of nutrients for both residues. In addition, carbon to nitrogen ratio in the biochars was lower than that in the original residues. In general, total contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sodium were greater in the pistachio treatments than in the sugarcane bagasse treatments. Since the sugarcane bagasse's biochars have less nutrients and higher carbon than the pistachio’s biochars, careful management is needed for their application in the soil as a fertilizer and amendment. On the other hand, salinity of the pistachio residues and its biochars was greater than that of sugarcane bagasse treatments. Therefore, it is probably necessary to combine application of biochar of pistachio residues with soil leaching, or to use it for cultivation of salt-resistant plants. Pyrolysis increased the total contents of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, chromium and lead in the biochars of both residues. Based on our results, it seems that the best pyrolysis temperatures for biochar production from pistachio residues and sugarcane bagasse are 300 and 500 °C, respectively.
Applied Soil Research
Urmia University
2423-7116
3
v.
1
no.
2016
1
13
https://asr.urmia.ac.ir/article_20183_97a92d5d912d623d0f6e93bdcf63267f.pdf
Effects of potassium and zinc fertilizer treatments on potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc uptake and K+/Na+ ratio and some physiological responses of two cultivars of Canola under salinity stress
Nader
Khadem Moghadam
Department of Soil Science Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
author
Babak
Motesharezadeh
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
author
Gholam Reza
Savaghebi
Department of Soil Science Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
author
Reza
Maali Amiri
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
author
text
article
2016
per
Salinity with accumulating some harmful ions in plants causes negative physiological effects on plant growth. In order to investigation effects of potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc on morpho-physiological characteristics of tow canola cultivars under salinity stress, the experiment, in 1393 in a randomized complete block design with two factors (factor cultivars and fertilizers) and 4 replications at University of Tehran, faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, located in Karaj, was carried out. Factor fertilizers in four levels were considering in critical levels of potassium and zinc in soil where it’s including 500 mg/kg potassium (twice optimum potassium OP), 2.4 mg/kg zinc (twice optimum zinc OZ), 500 and 2.4 mg/kg potassium and zinc (twice optimum zinc and potassium OZP) and control (optimum nutrients status O) and factor cultivars were including Sarigol and Licord cultivars. Results showed in the salinity stress conditions, OP treatment increased Sarigol’s root and shoot dry weight 21 and 26.01 percent more than that of Licord’s root and shoot dry weight. Calcium concentration in the Sarigol’s shoots was 23.66 percent more than Licord in the OP treatment. Magnesium concentration in the Sarigol’s root was 20.32 percent less than the Licord’s root. Sarigol cultivar except LOP treatment, at least 5.38 percent has a more zinc rather than the others. In the OP treatment Sarigol’s shoot K+/Na+ ratio was more than that’s ratio in root. Since the vegetables in the salinity stress conditions, they transport ions such as sodium to the aerial parts and for controlling this phenomena are used from K+/Na+ ratio, but this phenomena was reverse for Sarigol cultivar and this is represents Sarigol’s exclusion mechanisms to cope with salinity stress whereas Licord cultivar lack of this mechanisms and it’s potassium transport does not follow any particular trend.
Applied Soil Research
Urmia University
2423-7116
3
v.
1
no.
2016
14
24
https://asr.urmia.ac.ir/article_20185_3de9c6da3ece0dcb274f6f911acb555d.pdf
Modeling of the effect of rock fragment cover and sizes on the sediment concentration using response surface method
Farrokh
Asadzadeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
author
Mohiaddin
Fegh-Hassan-Agha
M.Sc. Student, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
author
Habib
Khodaverdiloo
Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Surface rock fragment is one of the most important factors controlling soil erosion especially in hillslopes of arid and semiarid regions where, modeling of its effects on soil erosion has a great complexity. This study aims to model the interactive effects of surface runoff, rock fragment cover and rock fragments size on the sediment concentration using the response surface method according to the central composite design. Two sets of experiments were carried out on a fixed bed slope of 5 percent. The first set of experiments used to develop the predictive model based on central composite design and the second set of the experiments were applied to validate the model. The results of first data set indicated the high efficiency (R2= 0.934 and RMSE=1.6 gl-1) of the predictive model of sediment concentration. The model validation with the second set of data also indicated a good agreement (R2= 0.895 and RMSE=3.6 gl-1) between the predicted values of sediment concentration and the experimental values with a wide range of independent variables. From the modeling approach and experimental data it could be concluded that the sediment concentration decreases as the rock fragment cover at the soil surface increases in the range of 0 to 45 percent. However the efficiency of the small rock fragments in decreasing the sediment concentration is higher than the coarse rock fragments.
Applied Soil Research
Urmia University
2423-7116
3
v.
1
no.
2016
25
38
https://asr.urmia.ac.ir/article_20188_82ebc8a7c983dea0b69bc30a6c9e9667.pdf
Assessment the important PGPR features of isolates used in biofertilizers Barvar2, Biosuperphosphate, Supernitroplus and Nitroxin
Bahman
khoshrou1
MSc Student of Soil Biology and Biotechnology University of Tabriz
author
Mohammad Reza
Sarikhanii
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تبریز
author
Naser
Aliasgharzadeh
عضو هیات علمی دانشگا تبریز
author
Peyman
Zareh
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2016
per
Quality control of biofertilizers has several aspects that attention to properties of plant growth promoting of bacteria which used in biofertilizers as part of their quality control is taken into consideration. In this study, four kinds of biofertilizer commonly used in the Iran, including Nitroxin, Supernitroplus, Biosuperphosphate (industrial biotechnology company mehre Asia) and Barvar2 (produced in Greenbiotech Company) were selected and examined. Isolates used in Biofertilizers Ba1 and Ba2 from Barvar2, Bio1, Bio2, Bio3 and Bio4 of Biosuper phosphate, SN1 and SN2 of Supernitroplus and N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5 of Nitroxin were evaluated for the solubilizing ability of organic and inorganic phosphates, auxin and siderophore production, and K release in both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that the Ba1 strain with a maximum ratio of diameter of the clear zone to the colony (3.26 mm) and phosphate solubilizing (606.4 mg/l) in both qualitative and quantitative methods, had the maximum ability to dissolve insoluble inorganic phosphate compound Ca3(PO4)2 compared with other treatments. However, Ba2, another strain of Barvar2, with mineralizing ability of 62.23 mg/l had the greatest ability in phosphate mineralization. The isolates used in Nitroxin had good results for production of auxin and siderophore. So, maximum production of auxin and siderophore were observed in N4 (15.13 mg/l) and N3, respectively. Isolate N3 produced largest orange zone in qualitative assay and 124.54 µm siderophore in quantitative methods, respectively. The isolates, Ba1 and Bio1 had highest ability to release potassium from the Muscovite and Biotite respectively compared with other treatments. In view of the PGPR features, Biofertilizers Barvar2 and Nitroxin had a better situation. Biofertilizer Biosuperphosphate was in the next order but isolates used in Supernitroplus had the weakness results.
Applied Soil Research
Urmia University
2423-7116
3
v.
1
no.
2016
39
52
https://asr.urmia.ac.ir/article_20189_f0b2b75a49dcb96b0e4b9fb42c2eeac6.pdf
Estimating the water stress in soil using HYDRUS2D and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interference System
Fatemeh
Karandish
Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, Water and Soil Faculty, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
Parviz
Haghighatju
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکدهی آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل
author
text
article
2016
per
Most In this research, the ability of HYDRUS2D and ANFIS models for simulating temporal variations of soil water content and soil water balance components under full irrigation and water deficit irrigation with two levels of 75 and 55 percentage in a maize field were compared to determine water stress duration in the growing season. To do so, soil water content was measured using TRIME-FM TDR sensors during two growing seasons for calibrating and validating HYDRUS2D model. Also, soil water content was simulated using ANFIS with different type of membership functions and using independent variables of days after planting, GDD, irrigation depth and water stress level. Comparing root mean square error, mean bias error and model efficiency coefficient indices for simulating soil water content stress period duration, soil water content and soil water balance components demonstrated the possibility of using ANFIS instead of a complicated model such as HYDRUS2D when defining the suitable independent variables. Despite 10 days sooner application of treatments in second growing season, the same water stress duration under DI75 treatment for both growing season (i.e. since 82 DAP till harvest) shows that it is possible to apply treatments either sooner or with higher intensity when applying deficit irrigation. Based on the results, ANFIS model could be used for these purposes.
Applied Soil Research
Urmia University
2423-7116
3
v.
1
no.
2016
53
64
https://asr.urmia.ac.ir/article_20182_9e8b047e738b78fba2576fbdd26a2b88.pdf
Performance evaluation of corrected land indices to determine the Potential of Maize production using FAO Method
Moslem
Servati
Assistant Professor, Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University
author
Hamidreza
Momtaz
- Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University
author
Behnam
Zali Vargahan
دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
Hassan
Mohammadi
فارغالتحصیل کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه شاهد تهران
author
text
article
2016
per
Applied Soil Research
Urmia University
2423-7116
3
v.
1
no.
2016
65
77
https://asr.urmia.ac.ir/article_20184_14cb13e5ff1115b0e96caa6e95d2ec6c.pdf
Determination of Crop Management Factor at Different Growth Stages of Rainfed Chickpea in Semiarid Region for Using in USLE Model: A Case Study in Tikmeh Dash of East Azerbaijan
Alireza
Khanjani Safdar
Former MSC student, Department of Soil Science, University of Tabriz
author
Abbas
Ahmadi
استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تبریز
author
Mohammad Ebrahim
Sadeghzadehreihan
مربی پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، استانآذربایجانشرقی
author
text
article
2016
per
In developed countries the values of crop management factor (C) for different crops is provided in tables, but due to climatic, pedologic and crop management differences of these countries with our country, using of these information could be associated with a large uncertainty. For this reason, this study was conducted in order to determination of C factor and its variations in different growth stages of rainfed chickpea. So there conventional sowing rate (30, 35 and 40 kg/ha) of rainfed chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were planted in erosional plots. In order to calculation of C factor, some plots were plowed along the slope and were left without cropping, as control plots. After each rainfall event, the generated runoff and sediment, were measured. Results were analyzed as a split plot in time design. The mean values of C factor for 30, 35 and 40 kg/ ha seeding densities were 0.66, 0.44 and 0.33 respectively, and the average for all treatments was 0.48. At the whole, the lowest values of C factor were related to canopy development stage, and the highest values were related to canopy establishment stage of chickpea. The variation of C factor in three different seeding density were greater than the variation of this factor in three different growth stages. So that, with increasing seeding density from 30 to 40 kg/ha, the C factor values increased on average by 50%, while, the values of C factor at maturing stage were on average 30% lower than canopy establishment stage.
Applied Soil Research
Urmia University
2423-7116
3
v.
1
no.
2016
78
87
https://asr.urmia.ac.ir/article_20186_36173afee8a6a96bd76cd804f7ccb52d.pdf
InteractiveEffects of Organic Matters and Earthworm on some Physical and chemical Properties of Two Soils under Different Compaction Conditions
Shokrollah
Asghari
عضوهیات علمی دانشگا اردبیل
author
Mahshid
Najafiyan
کارشناسی ارشد
author
text
article
2016
per
Although it has been known that earthworms through feeding, casting, and burrowing activity can influence soil physical and chemicalproperties, but interactive effects of organic matters and earthworm on aggregationunder different compaction and textural conditions, have been not wellknown. In thisstudy, the interactiveeffects of earthworm Eisenia fetida and organic matters on some physical and chemical properties of two fine- and coarse-textured soils selected from Moghan plain, northwest of Iranwere investigated in two compaction level. The factorial experiment was conducted asa completely randomizeddesignwith 24 treatments and 3 replicates under growth room conditions during 6 months. The 4 factors were: 2 soil textural classes (sandy loam and clay loam), 3 organic matter levels (0, 20 g kg-1 of wheat straw and cow manure), 2 soil compaction levels (1.3 and 1.45 g/cm3) and with or without earthworm. The results showed that on average, both used organic matters significantly increased organic carbon (OC) (by 69%), soluble Ca (by 11.75%), meanweight diameter (MWD) of aggregates (by 78%)and decreased bulk density (by 3.6%)in two soils. Also, the positive effects on the soil structure were much observed in the straw and clay loam with earthworm treatment due to the high contents of OC, Ca, Mg and clay.soil with earthworm in compaction level of 1.45 g/cm3, significantly increased MWD by 10 and 16.6% and total porosity by 5.6 and 6% in sandy loam and clay loam soils, respectively. Theresults indicated that application of earthworm to the compacted soilscan improve physical quality of fine- and coarse-textured soils by using minimum organic matter.
Applied Soil Research
Urmia University
2423-7116
3
v.
1
no.
2016
89
102
https://asr.urmia.ac.ir/article_20187_8e6f3cbd8c7fe3a07983af0435a3cf12.pdf