نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

هیات علمی دانشگاه

چکیده

چکیده

شوری خاک از جدی‌ترین تهدید‌های محیطی برای بقاء گیاهان محسوب می‌گردد. برخی از تنظیم کننده‌های رشد مانند اسید سالیسیلیک باعث ایجاد مقاومت در گیاهان نسبت به تنش‌های محیطی مانند گرما، سرما، خشکی و شوری می‌‌شود. به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک بر ‌برخی ویژگی‌های رشدی و جذب عناصر در رقم انگور بیدانه سفید تحت شرایط تنش شوری، آزمایشی گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی انجام گرفت. قلمه‌های ریشه‌دار شده این رقم با پنج سطح شوری (همراه آب آبیاری) صفر (شاهد)، 25، 50 ، 75 و 100 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم و چهار سطح اسید سالیسیلیک (محلول‌پاشی برگساره‌ای) صفر (شاهد)، 100، 200 و 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر تیمار گردیدند. با افزایش سطح شوری، وزن تر و خشک ریشه و شاخساره کاهش یافت. در سطح شوری 100 میلی مولار با کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک (300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) وزن خشک ریشه و شاخساره به‌ ترتیب 76/65 و 9/75 درصد کاهش در مقایسه با شاهد نشان داد. همچنین در این سطح شوری، غلظت یون‌های نیترات، 57 درصد، پتاسیم، 73 درصد، کلسیم، 4/62 درصد، منیزیم، 43 درصد، آهن، 54 درصد و میزان روی برگ، 75 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد (بدون تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک) کاهش نشان دادند. در سطح شوری 100 میلی مولار، بدون کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک، میزان سدیم و کلر برگ به ترتیب 100 و 77/20 برابر در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش یافت. با کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک میزان تجمع یون‌های سدیم و کلر در برگ کاهش یافتند. این پژوهش، نشان داد که در شرایط تنش شوری، کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک می‌تواند بعضی از اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش شوری را (به‌‌ویژه در غلظت‌های کمتر از 50 میلی مولار) در این رقم انگور تعدیل نماید.

کلمات کلیدی: انگور، پتاسیم، تنش شوری، شاخص‌های رشدی، نیترات.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on leaf mineral composition of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.cv Bidaneh Sefid) subjected to salinity

نویسنده [English]

  • jafar amiri

چکیده [English]

Abstract

Soil salinity is a major environmental threat for survival of plants. Researchs have shown that some plant growth regulators including salicylic acid improve the plants resistance to environmental stresses such as heat, cold, drought and salinity. To study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) application on some morphological characteristics and elements uptake of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Bidaneh Sefid under salinity stress condition, a pot experiment was conducted using a factorial based on randomized complete design. Well-rooted grapevine cuttings were treated with five levels of salinity 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl and four levels of SA (foliar application), 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mgl-1. The results indicated that with the increase in salinity levels, shoot and root fresh and dry weight decreased. However with salicylic acid application at the rate of 300 mgl-1 under salinity (100mM) these reductions were 65.76, 75.9 percent respectively. In 100 mM NaCl treatment, NO3-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ content in leaf decreased 56.9% , 73%, 62.4%, 43%, 54.35% and 75% when compared to control plants, respectively. In salinity level 100 mM, without application of salicylic acid, Na+ and Cl- amount of leaves increased, 100 and 20.77 fold respectively compared with control. However, SA reduced the accumulation of Na+ and Cl- ions in leaves. In conclusion, the application of salicylic acid (200-300 mgl-1) ameliorated the adverse effects of salt stress, especially at salt concentrations lower than 50 mM in this cultivar.

Key Words: Growth parameters, Nitrate, pottasium, Salt stress, Vitis vinifera

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key Words: Growth parameters
  • Nitrate
  • pottasium
  • Salt stress
  • Vitis vinifera
Al-Hakimi A.M.A. and Hamada A.M. 2001. Counteraction of salinity stress on wheat plants by grain soaking in ascorbic acid, thiamin or sodium salicylate. Biologia Plantarum, 44: 253-261.
Banuls J., Legas F. and Primo-Millo E. 1990. Effect of salinity on uptake and distribution of chloride and sodium in some citrus scion rootstock combinations. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 65: 715-724.
Bar Y., Apelbaum A., Kafkafi U. and Goren R. 1997. Relationship between chloride and nitrate and its effect on growth and mineral composition of avocado and citrus plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 20: 715-731.
Blumwald E. 2000. Sodium transport and salt tolerance in plants. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 12: 431-434.
Cataldo D.A., Haroon M., Schrader L.E. and Young V.L. 1975. Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 6: 71-80.
Cerezo M., Garcia-Agustin P., Serna M.D. and Primo-Millo E. 1997. Kinetics of nitrate uptake by citrus seedlings and inhibitory effects of salinity. Plant Science, 126: 105-112.
Engelberth J., Koch T., Schuler G., Bachmann N., Rechtenbach Y. and Boland W. 2001. Ion channel forming alamethicin is potent elicitor of volatile biosynthesis and tendril coiling. Cross talk between jasmonate and salicylate signaling in lima bean. Journal of Plant Physiology, 125: 369-377.
Ferguson L., Poss J., Grattan S., Grieve C., Wang D., Wilson C. and Donovan T. 2002. Pistachio rootstocks influence scion growth and ion relations under salinity and boron stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 127: 194-199.
Fisarakis I., Chartzoulakis K. and Stavrakas D. 2001. Response of sultana vines (V. vinifera L.) on six rootstocks to NaCl salinity exposure and recovery. Agricultural Water Management, 51: 13-27.
Garcia M. and Charbaji T. 1993. Effect of sodium chloride salinity on cation equilibria in grapevine. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 16: 2225-2237.
Gunes A., Inal A. and Alpaslan M. 1996. Effects of salinity on stomatal resistance, proline and mineral composition of pepper. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 19: 389-396.
Gunes A., Inal A., Alpaslan M., Eraslan F., Bagci E.G. and Cicek N. 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164: 728-736.
Gunes A., Inal A., Alpaslan M., Cicek N., Guneri E., Eraslan F. and Guzelordo T. 2005. Effects of exogenously applied salicylic acid on the induction of multiple stress tolerance and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 51: 687-695.
Hu Y. and Schmidhalter U. 2001. Effects of salinity and macronutrient levels on micronutrients in wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24: 273-181.
Jalili-Marandi R. 2010. Physiology of environmental stress and resistance mechanisms in horticultural plants. Jahad Daneshgahi Press. Vol. 1. 636p. (In Persian)
Jumberi A., Oka M. and Fujiyama H. 2002. Response of vegetable crops to salinity and sodicity in relation to ionic balance and ability to absorb microelements. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 48(2): 203-209.
Karlidag H., Yildirim E. and Turan M. 2009. Salicylic acid ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress on strawberry. Scientia Agricola, 66: 180-187.
Keutgen A. and Pawelzik E. 2009. Impacts of NaCl stress on plant growth and mineral nutrient assimilation in two cultivars of strawberry. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 65:170-176.
Khodary S. 2004. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt stressed maize plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6: 5-8.
Lara M.V., Disante K.B., Podesta F.E., Andreo C.S. and Drincovich M.F. 2003. Induction of a crassulaceae acid like metabolism in the C4 succulent plant, Portulaca oleracea L.: Physiological and morphological changes are accompanied by specific modifications in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Photosynthesis Research, 77: 241-254.
Lea-Cox J.D. and Syvertsen J.P. 1993. Salinity reduces water use and nitrate-N use efficiency of citrus. Annals of Botany, 72: 47-54.
Melgar J.C., Syvertsen J.P., Martinez V. and Garcia-Sanchez F. 2008. Leaf gas exchange, water relations, nutrient content and growth in citrus and olive seedling under salinity. Biologia Plantarum, 52:385-390.
 Mudgal V., Madaan N. and Mudgal A. 2010. Biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants. International Journal of Botany, 6: 136-143.
Munns R. 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytologist, 167: 645-663.
Munns R. and Tester M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59: 651-681.
Neumann P.M. 1997. Salinity resistance and plant growth revisited. Plant Cell and Environment, 20: 1193-1198.
Panda S.K. and Patra H.K. 2007. Effect of salicylic acid potentiates cadmium induced oxidative damage in Oryza sativa L. leaves. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 29: 567-575.
Parida A.K. and Das A.B. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60: 324-349.
Mirza H., Nahar K., and Fujita M. 2013. Plant Response to Salt Stress and Role of Exogenous Protectants to Mitigate Salt-Induced Damages. In: Parvaiz A., Azooz M.M. and Prasad M.N.V. Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants under Salt Stress. Springer. Pp, 25-87.
Pessarakli M. 1999. Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. Second edition. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, 545p.
Prior L.D., Grieve A.M. and Cullis B.R. 1992. Sodium chloride and soil texture interactions in irrigated field grown sultana grapevines. II. Plant mineral content, growth and physiology. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 43: 1067-1083.
Ruize D., Martinez V. and Cerda A. 1997. Citrus responses to salinity, growth and nutrient uptake. Tree Physiology, 17: 141-150.
Shi Q. and Zhu Z. 2008. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on manganese toxicity, element content and antioxidative system in cucumber. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63: 317-326.
Sivritepe N., Sivritepe H., Gelike H. and Kakat A. 2010. Salinity responses of grafted grapevines: Effects of scion and rootstock genotypes. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 38(3): 193-201.
Smith G.S., Clark C.J. and Holland P.T. 1987. Chlorine requirement of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa L.). New Phytologist, 106: 71-80.
Troncoso A., Matte C., Cantos M. and Lavee S. 1999. Evaluation of salt tolerance in vitro grown grapevine rootstock varieties. Vitis, 38: 55-60.
Walker R.R., Blackmore D.H., Clingeleffer P.R. and Iacono F. 1997. Effect of salinity and Ramsey rootstock on ion concentrations and carbon dioxide assimilation in leaves of drip-irrigated, field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana). Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 3: 66-74.
Walker R.R., Deidre H.B., Peter R.C. and Correl R.L. 2004. Rootstock effects on salt tolerance of irrigated field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana) and ion concentrations in leaves and juice. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 10: 90-99.
Wang D.Q., Guo B.C. and Dong X.Y. 1989. Toxicity effects of chloride on crops. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 30: 258-261.
Yildirim E., Turan M. and Guvene I. 2008. Effect of foliar salicylic acid applications on growth, chlorophyll and mineral content of cucumber grown under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31: 593-612.
Zhu J.K. 2003. Regulation of ion homeostasis under salt stress. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6: 441-445.