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تعیین میزان اثر‌گذاری ویژگی‌های خاک بر رواناب و رسوب در سطح زیررده با استفاده از تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی (مطالعه موردی: دشت اردبیل)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 انشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 3- دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی- اردبیل- ایران

چکیده

شناخت عوامل و فرآیندهای مؤثر بر فرسایش و رسوب خاک در یک منطقه، در ارائه راهکارهای مناسب برای حفاظت خاک ضروری می‌باشد. در این پژوهش، تأثیر ویژگی‌های خاک بر میزان رواناب و رسوب با استفاده از دستگاه شبیه‌ساز باران در سطح زیر‌رده، در دشت اردبیل بررسی گردید و برای بیان تأثیر ویژگی‌های خاک، از تجزیه و تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) استفاده شد. 77 نمونه خاک سطحی با روش شبکه‌های منظم (3500×3500 متر) تهیه گردید و برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک (بافت، رطوبت اشباع، کربن آلی، هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، نیتروژن کل و پتاسیم) در آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری شد. علاوه بر آن، درصد پوشش گیاهی در نقاط نمونه برداری نیز از طریق پلات اندازه‌گیری شد. نمونه‌برداری رواناب و رسوب با استفاده از دستگاه شبیه‌ساز باران (با شدت 9/23 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و مدت 10 دقیقه) در 40 نقطه اجرا و نمونه‌های رواناب و رسوب برداشت و به آزمایشگاه منتقل شد. نیم‌رخ‌‌های شاهد خاک تا سطح زیر‌رده با استفاده از سیستم جامع آمریکایی تشریح شدند. نتایج تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) نشان داد نه عامل از 13 عامل بررسی شده در سه مؤلفه اصلی قرار گرفته که در مجموع 01/57 درصد از تغییرات میزان رسوب را توجیه می‌کنند. بر طبق نتایج، بیش‌ترین میزان رواناب (8/4 لیتر بر متر مربع) و رسوب (58 گرم بر متر مربع) در ‌زیررده Psamments اندازه‌گیری شد. میزان کم کربن آلی در این زیر‌رده (78/0 درصد)، موجب کاهش نفوذ‌پذیری خاک و افزایش حجم رواناب تولیدی می‌گردد. همچنین کم‌ترین میزان رواناب (4/2 لیتر بر متر مربع) و رسوب (84/21 گرم بر متر مربع) در زیر‌رده Xeralfs مشاهده شد که در آن میزان کربن آلی (21/3 درصد) و پایداری خاکدانه‌ها (59/6 درصد) زیاد بوده و به بتع آن، نفوذ‌پذیری خاک افزایش و تلفات خاک کاهش پیدا می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Effect of Soil Properties on Runoff and Sediment at Suborder Level Using Principal Components Analysis (Case Study: Ardabil Plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Agha-Alizadeh 1
  • Ayda Abbasi-Kalo 2
  • Abazar Esmali- ouri 3

1 1. Graduated Ms.C Student, of Soil Sciences and Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Soil Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

3 Associate Prof. of Range and Watershed Management Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Understanding the factors and processes affecting soil erosion and sedimentation in an area is an essential for providing a suitable strategy for soil conservation. In this research, the effect of soil characteristics on runoff and sediment yield was reviewed using a rain simulator in Ardabil plain. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to show the effect of soil properties. Surface soil sampling was carried out at 77 points in the form of 3500 × 3500 m regular grids and runoff and sediment sampling using 40-point rain simulator. Some physical and chemical properties of soils (texture, saturation moisture, organic carbon, electrical conductivity, acidity, total nitrogen and potassium) were measured in the laboratory. In addition, the vegetation cover percentage was measured by plot at sampling points. Simulation of rain (intensity of 23.9 mm h-1 in 10 minutes) was carried out at 40 sampling points and runoff and sediment samples were taken and transferred to the laboratory. The representative soil profiles descriped to suborder level using Soil Taxonomy. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that nine factors of 13 investigated factors were located in first three principle component that contribute of 57.1% of total variation in erosion changes. According to the results, the highest amount of runoff (4.8 l m-2) and sediment (58 g m-2) was measured in Psamments because of low organic carbon content (0.78%) in this suborder which reduced soil permeability and amount of generated runoff increases. The lowest amount of runoff (2.4 l m-2) and sediment (21.84 g m-2) were observed at Xeralfs, where the amount of organic carbon (3.21%) and aggregate stability (6.59%) are high that increases permeability and reduces soil losses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Erosion
  • Rainfall simulator
  • Soil orders
  • Soil texture
مراجع
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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 129-141
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 دی 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 شهریور 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 تیر 1398
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