نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

آتش­سوزی تأثیرات چشمگیری بر پوشش گیاهی و ساختمان خاک دارد.  هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه تاثیر آتش­سوزی بر برخی ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک در سه کاربری (کشاورزی، جنگل و مرتع)، واقع در استان گلستان بود. بدین منظور، کاربری­های ­­جنگل و کشاورزی در شهرستان گرگان و مرتع در شهرستان کلاله که دچار آتش­سوزی شده بودند، انتخاب شدند. نمونه­برداری از سه عمق سطحی (صفر تا 5 سانتی­متر) و زیرسطحی (15-5 و 30-15 سانتی­متر)، در سه تکرار انجام شد. همچنین، از خاک شاهد (آتش­سوزی نشده) مجاور هر کاربری به طور مشابه از سه عمق و سه تکرار نمونه ­برداری شد. برای بررسی تفاوت ویژگی­های اندازه­گیری شده در خاک تحت آتش­سوزی و خاک منطقه شاهد بدون آتش­سوزی، از آزمون t مستقل در سطح 5 درصد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار رس، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­ها، تخلخل، گنجایش هوایی، شاخص پایداری ساختمان خاک، شاخص S دکستر و کربن آلی در اثر آتش­سوزی  به ترتیب در لایه 5-0 سانتی­متری تحت آتش­سوزی، نسبت به خاک شاهد به طور معنی­داری کاهش نشان دادند. به طوری که به ترتیب در کاربری جنگل، مرتع و کشاورزی، مقدار رس 24، 11 و 6، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­ها 47، 9/41 و 4/7، تخلخل 10، 8 و 9، گنجایش هوایی 6/34، 4/21 و 3/27، شاخص پایداری ساختمان خاک 6/25، 4/7 و 3/11، شاخص S دکستر 7/19، 4/15 و 3/7 و کربن آلی 8، 6/9 و 7/13 درصد کاهش یافت، در حالی که در لایه­های زیرسطحی خاک میزان کاهش معنی­دار نبود. همچنین، جرم مخصوص ظاهری در خاک تحت آتش­سوزی نسبت به خاک شاهد به طور معنی­داری در سطح 5 درصد در عمق 5-0  سانتی­متر در کاربری جنگل، مرتع و کشاورزی به ترتیب 11، 8 و 6 درصد افزایش یافت و در لایه­های زیرسطحی معنی­دار نبود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Fire on Soil Physical Properties in Range Land, Agriculture and Forest Land Uses in Golestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leyli Niknam 1
  • Reza Khorassani 2

1 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Fire has a considerable impact on vegetation and soil structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fire on some soil physical properties of agricultural, forest, and pasture land uses in Golestan province. For this purpose, agricultural and forest land uses were selected from Gorgan province, and the pasture land use from Kalaleh as well, which were exposed to fire. Soil samples were taken from three surface (0-5cm) and subsurface depths (5-15 and 15-30 cm) for each land use in triplicate. Meanwhile, the control (non-fire) was sampled similarly. Independent t-test was carried out at p < 0.05 to compare differences between soil properties in burned and control areas. The results showed that clay content, mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), porosity, air capacity, structural stability index (SI), Dexter S index, and organic carbon were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased at the depth of 0-5 cm in all land uses. So that in forest, pasture, and agricultural land uses the decreasing contents were 24, 11, and 6­% for clay, 47, 41.9, and 7.4% for MWD, 10, 8, and 9 % for porosity, 34.6, 21.4, and 27.3 % for air capacity, 25.6, 7.4, and 11.3­% for SI, 19.7, 15.4, and 7.3 % for Dexter’s S index, and 8, 9.6 and 13.7­% for organic carbon, respectively, while decrement percentages of these properties were not significant at subsurface layer. Burned soils bulk density significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control at the depth of 0-5 cm, which increment percentages of bulk density in forest, pasture, and agricultural land uses were 11, 8, and 6­% respectively, but it wasn’t significant at the subsurface layer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air capacity
  • Fire
  • S Index
  • Structural stability index
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