نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار علوم خاک، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه سید جمال الدین اسدآبادی، اسدآباد، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد همدان، همدان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد همدان، همدان، ایران

چکیده

رسوبات یکی از مهم­ترین منابع در بررسی تاریخچه آلودگی­های یک بوم سازگان آبی می­باشند و به عنوان یک مخزن و حامل برای آلاینده­ها در محیط­های آبی عمل می­کنند. هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی درجه آلودگی عناصر سنگین در سد کلان ملایر و بررسی کیفیت آن براساس سه شاخص تعیین کیفیت رسوب بود. در این مطالعه، عناصر سنگین مانند آرسنیک، کادمیم، کروم، مس، منگنز، جیوه، نیکل و روی در 12 ایستگاه از رسوبات بستر رودخانه و دریاچه سد اندازه‌گیری شدند. سپس، کیفیت رسوبات توسط شاخص زمین­انباشت، شاخص آلودگی و فاکتور غنی­شدگی تعیین شد. بیش‌ترین مقادیر شاخص آلودگی به ترتیب به آرسنیک (520/2)، نیکل (225/1) و جیوه (138/1) اختصاص داشت. نتایج برآورد شاخص­ها نشان داد بیش‌ترین مقدار مربوط به عناصر آرسنیک، نیکل و جیوه در ایستگاه­های 9 تا 12 بود. آنالیز مؤلفه اصلی داده­های بدست آمده را تائید کرد و دو مؤلفه بیش از 85 درصد واریانس را به خود اختصاص داده و مقدار ارزش ویژه بیش‌تر از واحد داشت. تمام عناصر سنگین بررسی شده (به جز منگنز) وابستگی مثبتی با یکدیگر داشتند. با توجه به موقعیت ایستگاه­های 9 تا 12 که در نزدیکی مزارع کشاورزی قرار دارند، بالا بودن میزان غلظت برخی عناصر سنگین در این ایستگاه­ها را می­توان ناشی از منابع انسانی و طبیعی همچون استفاده بیش از حد از نهاده­های کشاورزی، کاربرد سموم و کود شیمیایی و ورود زه­آبهای اراضی زراعی نسبت داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Heavy Metals and Quality Index Monitoring in the Sediment of Kalan Dam, Malayer

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hajar Merrikhpour 1
  • Bahare Loredtani 2
  • Mehrdad Cheraghi 3

1 Assistant Professor, Soil Science, Department of Agriculture, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran

2 Department of Environment, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Sediments are the most important sources in the study of aquatic ecosystems. Bottom marine sediments are sensitive indicators for monitoring pollutants as they act as a sink and a carrier for contaminations in aquatic environment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the degree of heavy metal contamination in Kalan Malayer dam and the extent of sediment quality according to three indices. In this study, heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Hg, Ni and Zn in 12 station were measured of lake bed sediments. Then, sediment quality was analyzed by calculating of geo-accumulation index, pollution index and enrichment factor. The highest amount of pollution index respectively belonged to As (2.520), Ni (1.225) and Hg (1.138). The results obtained from pollution index, geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor indicated that the As, Ni and Hg were high in 9 to 12 stations. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the indices data, and two components were extracted which explain 85% of the total variance, and the eigenvalues >1. All heavy metals (except Mn) had positive coefficients with each other. The stations 9 to 12 were located near agricultural farms and the high concentration of some heavy metals in these stations can be due to human and natural resources such as excessive use of agricultural field, the intensive use of pesticides and the entrance of chemical fertilizers aquifers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Enrichment
  • Geo-accumulation
  • Heavy metals
  • Pollution
  • Sediment
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