نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 عضو هیئت علمی

4 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

ارزیابی تناسب اراضی براساس دستورالعمل فائو پرکاربردترین روش ارزیابی است. از مشکلات این روش عدم وجود جدول­های نیازهای تیپ­های بهره­وری باغی است. سامانه ارزیابی اراضی خودکار (ALES) یک برنامه میکرورایانه­ای است که به کاربر اجازه می­دهد بر اساس دانش متخصصان، تناسب فیزیکی اراضی را در واحدهای اراضی با استناد به دستورالعمل فائو انجام دهد. هدف از این تحقیق، کاربرد برنامه ALES‌ برای تعیین اولویت کشت در منطقه ملکان برای تیپ­های بهره­وری انگور، سیب و هلو می­باشد. بدین منظور داده­های مرفولوژیکی و آزمایشگاهی 13 خاکرخ شاهد واحدهای مختلف اراضی که براساس روش ژئوپدولوژی تفکیک شده­اند، اخذ گردید. سپس میانگین وزنی داده­ها برای عمق صفر تا 150 سانتی­متری تعیین و وارد برنامه ALES شد. نتایج ارزیابی اقلیمی نشان داد که منطقه برای هر سه تیپ بهره­وری انتخابی کاملاً مناسب می­باشد. با این حال حاشیه رود لیلان­چای به­دلیل برخورداری از شرایط میکروکلیمای مناسب از عملکرد بهتری برخوردار بود. از نظر خاکی نیز کربنات کلسیم و بافت به­عنوان مهم­ترین ویژگی­­های محدودکننده رشد تیپ­های بهره­وری انتخابی در منطقه مورد مطالعه بودند. نقشه­های اولویت کشت تهیه شده در محیط GIS با ALES، نشان داد که ۱۰۰ ، ۷۰ و ۲۸ درصد از کل منطقه به­ترتیب برای انگور، سیب و هلو مناسب (S1 و S2) می­باشد. همچنین اولویت احداث باغ در منطقه به­صورت انگور، سیب و هلو ارزیابی شد. در پایان، به نظر می­رسد که برنامه ALES بتواند برای ارزیابی تناسب اراضی درختان میوه در مناطق نیمه­خشک مانند آذربایجان­شرقی، برای فرموله کردن سامانه­های کشاورزی پایدار مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Cultivation Priority of Some Fruit Trees by ALES Program

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Musavi 1
  • Ayda Abbasi 2
  • Moslem Servati 3
  • Ali Barikloo 4

1 MSc Graduated, Universitty of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Assistance Professor, Soil science and engineering department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Shahid Bakeri High Education of Miandoab, Urmia University

4 -PhD student, Soil science and engineering department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Land suitability evaluation Based on FAO's Framework is the most widely used assessment method. One of the failures of this method is a lack of crop requirements attribute for fruit trees. The Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES), is a microcomputer program that allows to the users to build their own knowledge-based systems which they can evaluate the physical suitability of land units, based on the FAO's Framework. The main destination of this research was to apply ALES program for land use suitability determination of grape, apple and peach in Malekan region (East Azerbaijan province). For this purpose, soil morphological and analytical data were carried out for 13 lands unites based on geopedological methods. The control section data between 0 and 150 cm were calculated by “soil layer generator” to apply and run the ALES program. Climate evaluation showed that the study area is completely suitable for each three land uses. The main recognized soil limitation factors were calcium carbonate and texture in the total of study area for selected land uses. Application of ALES program revealed that 100% of study region is suitable (S1 and S2) for grape, 70% for apple and 28% for peach. Also, land use could be arranged according to their land suitability classes as follows: peach < apple < grape. This arrangement reflects the priority for agricultural uses. Finally, ALES program appears to be useful in semi-arid regions, such as East Azarbaijan, for fruits trees land suitability evaluation, and formulate sustaining agro-ecological systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Expert knowledge
  • FAO framework
  • Land index
  • Land suitability
  • Malekan
Ayoubi Sh., and Jalalian A. 2015. Land Evaluation (Agriculture and Natural Resources). Isfahan University of Technology. (In Persian)
Baninemeh J, 2003. Land evaluation for land use planning with special attentions to sustainable Orumiyeh area, Iran. MSc Thesis of ITC University, Netherland.
Bower CA. 1952. Exchangeable cation analysis of saline and alkali soils. Journal of soil science, 73: 251-261.
Bremner JM. 1965. Total nitrogen. Pp: 1148-1158, In: Black (Eds.). Method of Soil Analysis. Part II, Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI.
Etedali S and Givi J, 2014. Qualitative and economical land suitability evaluation for important field crops in shahrekord area, using ALES program. Journal of Water and Soil, 28(1): 10-21.
FAO. 1976. A framework for land evaluation. FAO Soils Bulletin Series No. 32. FAO, Rome.
FAO. 1993. Guidelines for land use planning. FAO development series No. 1. FAO, Rome.
Gee GW., and Bauder JW. 1986. "Particle-size analysis". Pp. 383-411. In: Klute (Eds). Methods of Soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods. 2nd Ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Halder J.C. 2013. Land suitability assessment for crop cultivation by using remote sensing and GIS. Journal of Geography and Geology, 5(3): 65-78.
IRIMO. 2015. Country Climate Analysis. In: Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization, Malekan center. Data sheet.
Jalili Marandi R. 2002. Fruits. Iranian Student Book Agency Press. (In Persian)
Jafarzadeh AA., and Shahbazi F. 2010. Suitability of peach in Souma area (Iran), using Almagra model. Pp. 143-146. 19th world congress of soil science, 29-31 October, Brisbane, Australia.
Kim H, Shim K. 2018. Land suitability assessment for apple (Malus domestica) in the Republic of Korea using integrated soil and climate information, MLCM, and AHP. International Journal of Biology Engineering, 11(2): 139-144.
Knudsen D., Peterson GA., and Part PF. 1982. Lithium, Sodium and Potassium. Pp: 225-246. In: Page (Ed.), Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Monograph No. 9, American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.
Mazahreh S., Bsoul M., and Abu Hamoor D. 2019. GIS approach for assessment of land suitability for different land use alternatives in semiarid environment in Jordan: Case study (Al Gadeer Alabyad-Mafraq). Information Processing in Agriculture, 6­(1):  91-108.
McLean EO. 1982. Soil pH and Lime requirement. Pp. 199-224. In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Micromorphological Properties. 2nd ed. Agron, Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Mohammad AE., Adel RA., and Natarajan RH. 2016. Assessment of land suitability and capability by integrating remote sensing and GIS for agriculture in Chamarjanar district, Karnataka India. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 19 (1): 125-141.
Newhall F., and Berdanier., C.R. 1996. Calculation of soil moisture regimes from the climatic record. Natural Resources Conversations Service, Soil Survey Investigation Report, No. 46.
NRCS. 2012. Guidelines for Soil Description. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome.
Olsen SR., Cole CV., Watanabe FS., and Dean LA. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA. Cire. 939. U.S. GOV. Print Office, Washington, DC.
Rahimi lake H., Taghizadeh Mehrijardi R., Akbarzadeh A., and Ramazanpour H. 2009. Qualitative and Quantitative land suitability Evaluation for olive production Roodbar Region, Iran. Agricaltural journal, 4(2): 52-62.
Rameshkumar SC, Vadivelu S, Reddy RS, Naidu LGK, Hegde R AND Srinivas S. 2006. Land suitability for grape cultivation and its economic evaluation in Rajanukunte watershed, Karnataka. Agropedology, 16 (2):98-104.
Roades JD. 1982. "Soluble salts". Pp: 167-179. In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Methods. 2nd Ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Rossiter D. R., and Van Wambeke., A. R. 1997. Automated Land Evaluation System. ALES Version 4.65 User’s Manual. Cornell University, Department of Soil, Crop & Atmospheric Sciences.
Saiyari M. 2011. Temperate and subtropical fruit production. Ilam University Press, Ilam. (In Persian)
Schoeneberger PJ, Wysocki DA, Benham EC and Broderson WD. 2012. Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils. Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.
Servati M. 2014. Comparison of parametric, MicroLESE, Fuzzy Set Theory and AHP methods in land suitability evaluation of Khajeh rejoin for some crops. PhD Thesis, Soil Science and engineering department, University of Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian)
Shahrokh V., and Ayoubi Sh. 2011. Land Suitability evaluation of Mobarekeh and Zarinshahr region (Isfahan Province) for cucumber and wheat by AHP methods. Pp. 34-38. 12th Iranian Soil Science Congress. 3-5 September, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian)
Shakeri S., and Moameni A. 2012. Land suitability classification for sustainable use in Aq qaleh area. Journal of Management System, 9(4): 57-64. (In Persian)
Shalaby A., Ouma Y O., and Tateishi R. 2006. Land suitability evaluation assessment for perennial crops using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS); A case study in northwestern Egypt. Agronomy and Soil Science, 52(3): 243-261.
Soil and Water Research Institute. 2008. Laboratory Analysis Instructions of Water and Soil Samples. No. 467. Ministry of Agriculture, Iran. (In Persian)
Sys C., Van Ranset E., and Debaveye J. 1991a. Land Evaluation, Part I, Principle in Land Evaluation and Crop Production Calculation, International Training Center for Post Graduate Soil Scientists, Ghent University, Ghent., Belgium.
Sys C., Van Ranset E., and Debaveye J. 1991b. Land Evaluation, Part II, Methods in Land Evaluation. International Training Center for Post Graduate Soil Scientists, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Sys C., Van Ranset E., Debaveye J., and Beernaert F. 1993. Land Evaluation, Part III, Crop Requirements. General Administration for Development Cooperation Place, Brussels, Belgium.
Tadesse M., and Negese A. 2020. Land suitability evaluation for sorghum crop by using GIS and AHP techniques in Agamsa subwatershed, Ethiopia. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6(1): 1-18.
USDA, 2014. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 12th Ed. Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resource Conservation Service.
Widiamaka A., Ambarwulan W., Setiawan Y., and Walter C. 2016. Assessing the suitability and availability of land for agriculture in turban regency, East Java, Indonesia. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 48: 148-160.
Yitbarek T., Kibret1 K., Gebrekidan G., and Beyene S. 2013. Physical Land Suitability Evaluation for Rainfed Production of Cotton, Maize, Upland Rice and Sorghum in Abobo Area, western Ethiopia, American Journal of Research Communication, 1(10): 296-318.