نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

3 کارشناس ارشد آزمایشگاه، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

در سال­های اخیر شاخص کیفیت خاک بیشتر از شاخص کیفیت آب و هوا مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. حفظ سلامت وکیفیت خاک جهت اطمینان از سلامت بیوسفر و محیط زیست ضروری می­باشد. کادمیوم به عنوان یکی از فلزات سنگین اثرات سمی و بالقوه بر فعالیت و ترکیب موجودات زنده خاک دارد. پارامترهای میکروبی می­‌توانند جهت ارزیابی کیفیت خاکهای آلوده مورد استفاده قرار ‌گیرند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی کارایی پالایش سبز و نقش قارچ ریشه­های آربوسکولار و باکتری­های محرک رشد بر کاهش اثرات کادمیوم با استفاده از گیاه بنگ‌دانه بود. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل شامل دو فاکتور (1) کادمیوم در چهار سطح (0، 10، 30 و 100 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم خاک)، (2) تیمار تلقیح میکروبی در سه سطح (شاهد، 1 PGPRو 2AMF) در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و در شرایط گلخانه­ای در دانشگاه ارومیه اجرا گردید. عملکرد ماده خشک و غلظت کادمیوم شاخساره و برخی پارامترهای بیولوژیک خاک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، افزایش آلودگی کادمیومی خاک موجب افزایش معنی­دار (05/0P ≤) غلظت کادمیوم شاخساره و ضریب متابولیکی (qCO2) گردید. همچنین، کادمیوم موجب کاهش معنی­دار (05/0P≤) عملکرد شاخساره، کربن بیوماس میکروبی (MBC)، تنفس میکروبی، تنفس بر­انگیخته با سوبسترا (SIR)، جمعیت PGPR و همزیستی میکوریزی شد. تلقیح تیمار­های میکروبی به خاک سبب شد تا اثرات بازدارندگی کادمیوم بر شاخص‌های اندازه­گیری شده کاهش یابد. به طور کلی نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که درخاک‌های آلوده به کادمیوم با استفاده از میکروارگانیسم­های محرک رشد، امکان تنزل تاثیر نامطلوب کادمیوم بر رشد گیاه و شاخص‌های میکروبی کیفیت خاک وجود دارد



1- Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria


2- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil Cd Contamination and Evaluation of It’s Effects on Soil Biological Quality and Plant Growth

نویسندگان [English]

  • Solmaz Kazemalilou 1
  • MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani 2
  • Habib Khodaverdiloo 2
  • Mohsen Barin 3

1 M.Sc Student, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University

2 Department of Soil Science, Urmia University

3 Senior Experts of Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University

چکیده [English]

Recently the concept of soil quality has been widely emphasized than that of water or air quality. The maintenance of soil quality is critical for ensuring the sustainability of the environment and biosphere. Cadmium (Cd) as one of heavy metals (HM) which has toxic effects on activity and compound of soil biota. Phytoremediation which refers to the use of plants and helper microorganisms for remediation of contaminated soils is an effective and low cost method for reclamation of heavy metals polluted soils. Soil biological parameters can be used for evaluating the quality of contaminated soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to enhance plant growth and survive in HM-contaminated soils through different mechanisms. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of phytoremediation and the effect of AMF and PGPR in reducing adverse effects of Cd to Hyoscyamus plant. This experiment were performed at greenhouse condition with three replicates in a factorial plot, including two factors; cadmium levels (0, 10, 30 and 100 mg kg-1 soil), and microbial inoculation treatments (control, PGPR and AMF inoculation). The results showed increasing soil Cd caused increased shoot Cd concentration and microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2). Furthermore, Cd significantly decreased plant shoot yield, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial respiration, substrate-induced respiration (SIR), mycorrhizal symbiosis percent as well as bacterial population. Microbial inoculation effectively decreased inhibitory effects of Cd on biological parameters. It is conclude that in soils contaminated with Cd, using plant growth-promoting microorganisms can decline adverse effects of Cd on growth and microbial indices of soil quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • soil quality
  • phytoremediation
  • Cadmium
  • AMF
  • PGPR
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