نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل

2 استاد راهنما

3 استاد مشاور

چکیده

چکیده
غلب گونه‌های سودوموناس به عنوان باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه شناخته شده که در ترکیب با کو نیتروژن (N) می‌توانند در رشد و جذب عناصر غذایی گیاهان اثرهای مفیدی داشته باشند. تصور می‌رود با کاربرد تلفیقی باکترهای سودوموناس و کود نیتروژن، تولید اسفناج (Spinacia oleracea L.) به‌عنوان یک سبزی پرمصرف در رژیم غذایی انسان را از لحاظ کمی و کیفی افزایش داد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل با طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار، گیاه اسفناج (Spinacia oleracea L.) با باکتری‌های سودوموناس (Pseudomonas fluorescens، Pseudomonas putida و شاهد بدون باکتری تلقیح شده و با سه سطح نیتروژن صفر، 125 و 250 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک از منبع اوره، تیمار گردید. نتایج تجزیه آماری نشان داد که با افزایش سطح نیتروژن از صفر به 250 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک، جذب روی، شاخص کلروفیل برگ‌ها و وزن خشک گیاه به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. با تلقیح باکتری، وزن خشک بخش هوایی و ریشه اسفناج افزایش معنی‌داری نسبت به گیاهان شاهد بدون باکتری نشان داد به‌طوری که بیشترین درصد افزایش وزن خشک در تیمارP.fluorescens با حدود 0/20 درصد برای بخش هوایی و 1/28 درصد برای ریشه در مقایسه با شاهد به‌دست آمد. شاخص کلروفیل برگ‌ها در تیمارهای P.putida و P.fluorescens نسبت به گیاهان شاهد به‌ترتیب حدود 2/22 و 8/13درصد افزایش داشت. میزان جذب نیتروژن گیاهان در تیمارP.fluorescens 2/28 درصد در بخش هوایی و 3/55 درصد در ریشه نسبت به شاهد بدون باکتری افزایش داشت اما جذب روی بخش هوایی در تیمار P.putida کاهش معنی‌داری نسبت به گیاهان شاهد بدون باکتری نشان داد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده در این تحقیق، باکتری P.fluorescens به‌طور مؤثر با توسعه سیستم ریشه‌ای و افزایش کارایی جذب آب و عناصر غذایی، میزان رشد و جذب N را افزایش می‌دهد. همچنین به-واسطه تولید سیدروفور جذب Zn را در اسفناج بهبود می‌بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Two Species of Pseudomonas and Nitrogen Levels on Dry Matter, Chlorophyll index and N and Zn Uptake by Spinach Plant

نویسندگان [English]

  • afsaneh kalantari 1
  • nasser aliasgharzad 2
  • nosratollah najafi 3

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Pseudomonas species are usually considered as plant growth promoting bacteria which in combination with nitrogen fertilizers could exert beneficial effects on growth and nutrients uptake by plants. It seems that by using these bacteria and nitrogen fertilizer we will be able to improve growth and nutrient uptake by spinach plant as a important vegetative in human diet. To achieve this purpose, in a factorial experiment on the basis of randomized complete blocks design with three replications, spinach plant (Spinacia oleracea L.) were inoculated with Pseudomons fluorescens or P.putida or left un-inoculated as control. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 125 and 250 mg N Kg-1) as urea were applied to the pots containing 2 kg of sterile soil. Statistical analysis showed that with increasing levels of nitrogen in soil from 0 to 250 mg kg-1, Zn uptake, leaf chlorophyll index and plant dry weight were significantly increased. By bacterial inoculation, shoot and root dry weights of spinach showed significant increase compared to the non bacterial control and shoot and root dry weights were enhanced by 20% and 28.1% in plants inoculated with P.fluorescens compared to the non-bacterial control. Leaf chlorophyll index was increased by 22.2% and 13.8% in P.putida and P.fluorescens treated plants, respectively compared to the control. Total N content in root and shoot of spinach was significantly increased in bacterial treatments specially in P.fluorescens treated plants compared to the non-bacterial control. Zn content in shoot was significantly decreased in plant inoculated with P. putida compared to the non-bacterial control. Based on the result obtained in this study, P.fluorescens caused a marked increase in growth and N uptake by development of plant root system and increasing water and nutrients uptake efficiency. Moreover, it led to improved Zn uptake in spinach plant through siderophore production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Chlorophyll index
  • Nitrogen
  • Pseudomonas
  • Spinach
  • zinc
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