نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 بیولوژی وبیوتکنولوژی خاک دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر نقش ریزجانداران محرک رشد گیاه بر توزیع شکل­های فسفر در یک خاک آهکی تحت کشت ذرت (Zea mays L.) و ارزیابی ارتباط آن‌ها با ویژگی­های میکروبی خاک انجام شد. آزمایش به­صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل تیمارهای شاهد (بدون مایه­زنی میکروبی)، مایه­زنی خاک با باکتری­های  Staphylococcus hominisو Brevundimonas sp.، قارچPiriformospora indica و مخلوط قارچ و باکتری در پنج تکرار تحت شرایط گلخانه­ای اجرا شد. بذر ذرت در گلدان­های سه کیلوگرمی کشت شد و بعد از سه ماه، شکل­های مختلف فسفر معدنی و آلی، برخی ویژگی­های میکروبی خاک (کربن و فسفر زیتوده میکروبی و فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز) و میزان جذب فسفر در گیاه اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان­دهنده تأثیر مایه­زنی میکروبی بر شکل­های معدنی و آلی فسفر و هم‌چنین جذب فسفر در گیاه بود. ترتیب اجزاء معدنی فسفر در خاک شاهد به صورت Ca10P>Ca8-P>Ca2-P>Al-P>Olsen-P>Fe-P> OCC-Pو در خاک دارای مخلوط میکروبی به صورتCa10P >Ca2-P>Olsen-P>Al-P>Ca8-P >Fe-P > OCC-Pبود. اجزاء قابل دسترس فسفر شامل فسفر اولسن، فسفرآلی نسبتاً پایدار و ناپایدار همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری (p<0.01) با جذب فسفر توسط گیاه داشتند. هم‌چنین همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری (به ترتیب 98/0، 73/0 و 87/0) بین فسفر قابل استخراج به روش اولسن با فسفر و کربن ز‌یتوده میکروبی و آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی وجود داشت. به­طورکلی نتایج نشان­دهنده نقش مثبت مایه­زنی میکروبی به­ویژه در تیمار مخلوط قارچ و باکتری‌ها در افزایش قابلیت دسترسی فسفر برای گیاه بود. بیش‌ترین مقدار فسفر قابل­استخراج به روش اولسن و فسفر جذب شده در گیاه در تیمار مخلوط قارچ و باکتری­ها با تفاوت معنی­دار (p<0.05) نسبت به سایر تیمارها به ­ترتیب با مقادیر  02/34 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم و 52/11 میلی‌گرم به‌ازای هر گلدان حاصل شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms on Mineral and Organic Forms of Phosphorus and its Availability in Soil under Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Forouzan Rezaeinasab 1
  • Naeimeh Enayatizamir 2
  • Roya Zalaghi 1
  • neda moradi 1

1 Soil Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Departement of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

The present study was performed in order to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting microorganisms on distribution of phosphorus forms in a calcareous soil under maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation and to evaluate these forms relationship with soil microbial characteristics. The experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design including control (without microbial inoculation), soil inoculation with Staphylococcus hominis and Brevundimonas sp., Piriformospora indica and mixture of fungus and bacteria treatments at five replications under greenhouse conditions. Maize seeds were planted in 3 kg pots and different forms of mineral and organic phosphorus, some microbial characteristics (microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus and phosphatase activity) and the phosphorus uptake in the plant were measured after three months of cultivation. The results illustrated the influence of microbial inoculation on mineral and organic forms of phosphorus as well as phosphorus uptake in the plant. The decreasing order of phosphorus mineral components was as Ca10-P> Ca8-P> Ca2-P> Al-P> Olsen-P> Fe-P> OCC-P in the control soil and this trend obtained as Ca10-P> Ca2-P> Olsen-P> Al- P> Ca8-P> Fe-P> OCC-P in the soil containing a mixture of microbes. Available phosphorus components, including Olson-P, dicalcium phosphate, and relatively stable and unstable organic phosphorus had positive and significant correlation with phosphorus uptake by the plant. There was a positive correlation between extracted Olsen- phosphorus and microbial phosphorus and carbon biomass, and alkaline phosphatase activity. In general, the results showed the positive influence of microbial inoculation, especially fungal and bacterial mixture, on the enhancement of phosphorus availability for the plant. The highest values of extracted phosphorus by Olsen method and phosphorus uptake by plant were found at 34.02 mg kg-1 and 11.52 mg pot-1, respectively, in the mixture of fungi and bacteria treatment with significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) compared to other treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dicalcium phosphate
  • Inoculation
  • Microbial biomass phosphorus
  • Organic phosphorus
  • Phosphatase
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