Effect of potassium and salinity in irrigation water on soil physical properties

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

Structural and hydraulic properties of soil depend on type and quality of irrigation water. In order to investigate the effect of potassium as cation ratio of structural stability of soil on physical properties (sandy loam soil), a research was performed as completely randomizes design with factorial arrangement and 3 replications in undisturbed soil columns. Experimental factors consisted of saline water (2 salinity rate: 4, and 8 dSm-1), and different contents of potassium ion in irrigation water (4 CROSS values: 0, 15, 20, and 25). Soil columns were irrigated for 16 weeks, after then soil physical properties were measured. The results showed that when salinity increased, water dispersible clay significantly decreased and mean weight diameter of aggregates increased, while changes of penetration resistance and saturated hydraulic conductivity was were not significant. Despite sodium ion was not used in irrigation water potassium in irrigation had a significant effect on soil physical properties, such as water dispersible clay, mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and penetrometer resistance (PR) and they were degraded. Interaction effect of salinity and CROSS of irrigation water on soil properties in EC = 8 dSm-1 was less than that of EC = 4 dSm-1. According to the results of this research, it’s recommended the effect of potassium ion to be considered for evaluation the soil structure.

Keywords

References

References
Ahmad S., Swindale L.D., and El-swaify S.A. 2006. Effects of adsorbed cations on physical properties of tropical red earths and tropical black earths. Journal of Soil Science, 20(2): 255–268.
Amarkh I., and Mamdov A.I. 2014. Soil water retention and structure stability as affected by water quality. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 3: 89-94.
Arienzo M., Christen E.W., Quayle W., and Kumar A. 2009. A review of the fate of potassium in the soil-plant system after land application of wastewaters. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164: 415-422.
Astaraei A.R. 1990. Effect of Ca/Mg ratio in irrigation water at varying level of salinity and SAR on soil characteristics and plant growth. Ph.D Thesis, Agra University. India, 200p.
Baybordi M. 2005. Engineering principles of drainage and soil remediation. 7thEd, Tehran University Press. 641p. (In Persian)
Carter M.R. and Gregorich E.G. 2008. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis (2nd Ed.). CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 1204p.
Chen Y., Banin A., and Borochovitch A. 1993. Effect of potassium on soil structure in relation to hydraulic conductivity. Geoderma, 30: 135-147.
Da Silva A.P., Kay B.D., and Perfect E. 1994. Characterization of the least‎ limiting water range of soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58: 1775–1781.‎
Dontsova K.M., and Norton L.D. 2002.Clay dispersion, infiltration, and erosion as influenced by exchangeable Ca and Mg. Soil Science, 167 (3): 84-193.
Emerson W.W. and Smith B.H. 1970. Magnesium, organic matter and soil structure. Nature, 228: 453– 454.
Jayawardane N.S., Christen E.W., Arienzo M., and Quayle W.C. 2011. Evaluation of the effects of cation combinations on soil hydraulic conductivity. Soil Research, 49: 56–64.
Keren R. 1991. Specific effect of magnesium on soil erosion and water infiltration. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55: 783–787.
Knudsen D., Peterson G.A., and Pratt P.F. 1982. Lithium, sodium and potassium. In: Page A.L., Miller R.H. and Keeney D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, 2nd ed., Chemical and Micro Biological Properties, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 225-246.
Laurenson S. and Houlbrook D. 2011. The effect of sodium and potassium on soil structure. New Zealand agresearch, farming food and health, Winery wastewater Irrigation. ?p.
Laurenson S., Bolan N.S., Smith E., and McCarthy M. 2012. Review: Use of recycled wastewater for irrigating grapevines. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 18: 1–10.
Levy G.J., and Torrento J.R. 1995. Clay dispersion and macroaggregate stability as affected by exchangeable potassium and sodium. Soil Science, 160: 352–358.
Levy G.J., Mamedov A.I.,‎ and oldstein D. 2003. Sodicity and water quality effects on slaking of aggregates from semi‎-‎ arid soils. Soil Science,‎168: 552‎-562.
Marchuk A., and Rengasamy P. 2012.Threshold electrolyte concentration and dispersive potential in relation to CROSS in dispersive soils. Soil Research, 50: 473–481.
Quirk J.P. 2001. The significance of the threshold and turbidity concentrations in relation to sodicity and microstructure. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 39: 1185–1217.‎
Rengasamy P. and Marchuk A. 2011. Cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS). Soil Research, 49: 280–285.
Shainberg I., and Letey J. 1984. Response of soils to sodic and saline conditions. Hilgardia, 52(2): 1-57.
Shainberg I., Rhoades J.D., and Prather R.J. 1981. Effect of low electrolyte concentration on clay dispersion and hydraulic conductivity of a sodic soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45: 273–277.
Smiles D.E. 2006. Sodium and potassium in soils of the Murray–Darling Basin. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 44: 727–730.
Suguru P.M. 2014. Effects of Magnesium on Cation Selectivity and Structural Stability in prominent Vertisols of Karnataka. Fungal Genome and Biology, 5(1): 1-5.
Tajik F., Rahimi H., and Pazira E. 2003. Effects of electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio of water on aggregate stability in soils with different organic matter content. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology, 5: 67-75. (In Persian)
Applied Soil Research
Volume 6, Issue 1
June 2018
Pages 51-61

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 November 2016
  • Revise Date: 23 April 2018
  • Accept Date: 20 June 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics