The effect of Application of biochar and pruning waste compost with PGPR inoculation on macronutrient availability in wheat rhizosphere

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Graduate Student of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract

In order toevaluate the effect of biochar, pruning waste compost of apple and grape trees and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on macronutrient uptake in calcareous soil, an experiment carried out in a completely randomized desig nunder greenhouse condition in rhizobox. The factors including the organic matter (pruning waste biochar, pruning waste compost and control), microbial inoculation (PGPR and Control (without microbial inoculation)) and soil (rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil). At the end of the growth period, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Organic carbon and availability of macronutrients in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and concentration macronutrients in the plant were determined. The results showed that the highest pH was in biochar (7.88) without microbial inoculation.The amount of EC, N, P and K in compost treatment with PGPR inoculation were significantly higher than other treatments.The highest organic carbon was observed in the non-inoculated compost, which increased to 78.9% in comparison with microbial inoculation treatment. Compost provided more contents of EC, OC, N, P and K in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere in comparison with biochar, it indicating higher EC, OC and nutrients content in the compost that was used. PGPR inoculation increased the availability of P and K by 1.21 and 1.26 times in non-rhiozosphere soil, compared to rhizosphere. However, EC, OC and N contents in the rhizosphere soil of the PGPR treatment were 1.22, 1.24 and 1.19 times higher than non-rhizosphere soil, respectively.The higher uptake of N, P and k by plant in inoculum of PGPR biochar increased 48.60, 32.55 and 32.16 % compared to the control, respectively.In general, according to the results of this study, it seems that using PGPR inoculation and appropriate amounts of biochar and compost, can improve macronutrients availibity in the soil, as well as uptake of these elements by plants.

Keywords

References

References
Agegnehu G., Bird M.I., Bass A.M., Nelson P.N., and Bass A.A. 2015. The ameliorating effects of biochar and compost on soil quality and plant growth on a Ferralsol. Soil Research, 53: 1-12. 
Basak B.B., and Biswas D.R. 2009. Influence of potassium solubilizing microorganism (Bacillus mucilaginosus) and waste mica on potassium uptake dynamics by Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) grown under two Alfisols. Plant and Soil, 317: 235-255.
Biederman L.A., and Harpole W.S. 2013. Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: a meta-analysis. GCB Bioenergy, 5(2): 202-214.
Bramryd T. 2001. Effect of liquid and dewatered sewage sludge applied to a Scot pine stand (Pinus sylvestris L.) in central Sweden. Forest Ecology and Managemen, 147: 197-216.
Budania A.K., and Janardan Y. 2014. Effects of PGPR blended biochar and different levels of phosphorus on yield and nutrient uptake by chickpea. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 19 (3): 408-412.
Chan K. Y., Van Zwieten L., Meszaros I., Downie A., and Joseph S. 2007. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Soil Research, 45: 629-634.
Chintala R, Mollinedo J, Schumacher T E, Malo D D, Julson J L. 2013. Effect of biochars on chemical properties of acidic soil. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 60: 393-404.
Danish S., Younis U., Akhtar N., Ameer A., Ijaz M., Nasreen S., Huma F., Sharif S., and Ehsanullah M. 2014. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and rice straw biochar consequence on maize pigments synthesis. International Journal of Biosciences, 5(12): 31-39.
Das A., Patel D.P., Munda G.C., and Ghosh P.K. 2010. Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on yield, nutrient uptake and soil fertility of maize (Zea mays)-mustard (Brassica campestris) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 80(1): 85-88.
Domene X., Mattana S., Hanley K., Enders A., and Lehmann J. 2014. Medium-term effects of corn biochar addition on soil biota activities and functions in a temperate soil cropped to corn. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 72: 152-162.
Duineveld B.M., Kowalchuk GA., Keijzer A., van Elsas J.D., and van Veen J.A. 2001. Analysis of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of chrysanthemum via denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA as well as DNA fragments coding for 16S rRNA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67: 172-178.
Gee G.W., and Bauder J.W. 1986. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. In: Clute A (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, part 1. ASA and SSSA, Medison Wisconsin, pp: 383-409.
Gundale M.J., and DeLuca T.H. 2007. Charcoal effects on soil solution chemistry and growth of Koeleria macrantha in the ponderosa pine/douglas fir ecosystem. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 43: 303-311.
Gyaneshwar P., Naresh Kumar G., Parekh L.J., and Poole P.S. 2002. Role of soil microorganisms in improving P nutrition of plants. Plant and Soil, 245: 83-93.
Haefele S.M., Konboon Y., Wongboon W., Amarante S., Maarifat A.A., and Pfeiffer E.M. 2011. Effects and fate of biochar from rice residues in rice-based systems. Field Crops Research, 121(3): 430-40.
Hartmann A., Schmid M., van Tuinen D., and Berg G. 2009. Plant-driven selection of microbes. Plant and Soil, 321: 235-257.
Hu Y., and Barker A.V. 2004. Effects of composts and their combinations with other materials on nutrient accumulation in tomato leaves. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 35: 2809-2823.
Ippolito J.A., Novak J.M., Busscher W.J., Ahmedna M., Rehrah D., and Watts D.W. 2012. Switchgrass biochar affects two Aridisols. Journal of Environmental Quality. 41: 1123-1130.
Jordan N.R., Zhang J., and Huerd S. 2000. Arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi: potential roles in weed management. Weed Research, 40: 397-410.
Khalil H.M.A., and Hassan R.M. 2015. International Journal of Plant Research, Raising the Productivity and Fiber Quality of Both White and Colored Cotton Using Eco-Friendly Fertilizers and Rice Straw. International Journal of Plant Research, 5(5): 122-135.
Kjeldahl C. 1883. A new method for the determination of nitrogen in organic matter. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie, 22: 366.
Krishna, P., Reddy, M.S. and Satyanarayana, T., 2006. Molecular Techniques for Understanding the Microbial Community Structure in Mycorrhizosphere. In: Mukerji K., Manoharachary C., Singh J. Microbial Activity in the Rhizoshere. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (pp. 173-198).
Kuklinsky-Sorbal J., Araujo W.L., Mendes R., Geraldi I.O., Pizzirani-Kleiner A. A. and Azevedo J.L. 2004. Isolation and characterization of soybean-associated bacteria and their potential for plant growth promotion. Environmental Microbiology, 6: 1244-1251.
Laird D., Fleming P., Wang B.Q., Horton R., Karlen D. 2010. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma, 158: 436-442.
Lehmann J., D.a., Silva J.P. J.r., Steiner C., Nehls T., Zech W., and Glaser B. 2003.Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and Soil, 249: 343-357.
Lehmann J., Rillig M.C., Thies J., Masiello C.A., Hockaday W.C., and Crowley D. 2011. Biochar effects on soil biota e a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43: 1812-1836.
Liu Y., Yang M., Wu Y., Wang H., Chen Y., and Wu W. 2011. Reducing CH4 and CO2 emission from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 11: 930-939.
Mishra A., Sachan SH.G, and Pandey D.M. 2015. Maize rhizosphere microbial population in soils of Jharkhand. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(4): 218-222.
Mkhabela M., and Warman P.R. 2005. The influence of municipal solid waste compost on yield, soil phosphorus availability and uptake by two vegetable crops, grown in a Pugwash sandy loam soil in Nova Scotia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 106(1): 57-67.
Moritsuka N., Yanai J., and Kosaki T. 2000. Effect of plant growth on the distribution and forms of soil nutrients in the rhizosphere. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 46: 439-447.
Nigussie A., Kissi E., Misganaw M., and Ambaw G. 2012. Effect of biochar applica-tion on soil Properties and nutrient uptake of Lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown inchromium polluted soils. Am-Euras. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental, 12 (3): 369-376.
Norozi S. 2006. Release of Potassium from some mica minerals through some organic acid in rhizospher of barley. M. Sc. Thesis in Soil Science. Soil Science Department. Isfahan University of technology, Isfahan, Iran.158 p. (In Persian).
Olsen, S.R., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture; Washington.
Rajkovich, S., Enders, A., Hanley, K., Hyland, C., Zimmerman, A. R., and Lehmann, J. 2011. Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 48(3): 271-284.
Roppongi K, 1993. Residual effects of rice straw compost after continuous application to upland alluvial soil. Japanese Soil Science Plant Nutrition, 64: 417-422.
Rosswall T .1983. The nitrogen cycle. In: Bolin B, Cook R.B (Ed.), The major biogeochemical cycles and their interactions, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 46-50.
Salardini A. A. 2008. Soil Fertility, The University of Tehran Press, 428 p. (In Persian)
Saxena J., Rana G., and Pandey M. 2013. Impact of addition of biochar along with Bacillus species on growth and yield of french beans. Scientia Horticulturae, 162: 351-356.
Siddiqui A.R. Nazeer S., Piracha M.A., Saleem M.M., Siddiq I, Shahzad S.M., and Sarwar G. 2016. The production of biochar and its possible effects on soil properties and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Journal of Applied Agriculture and Biotechnology, 1(1): 27-40.
Sohi S. P., Krull E., Lopez-Capel E., and Bol R. 2010. A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in Agronomy, 105: 47-82.
Soumare M., Demeyer A., Tack F. M. G., and Verloo M. G., 2002. Chemical Characteristics of Malian and Belgian Solid Waste Composts. Bioresource Technology, 81: 97-101.
Walkley A., Black I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1): 29-38.
Wang Z., Shan X. Q., and Zhang S. 2001. Comparison of speciation and availability of rare earth elements between wet rhizosphere soil and air-dried bulk soil. Analytica Chimica Acta, 441: 147-156.
Yao F.X., Arbestain M.C., Virgel S., Blanco F., Arostegui J., Macia-Agullo J.A., and Macias F. 2009. Simulated geochemical weathering of a mineral ash-rich biochar in amodified Soxhlet reactor. Chemosphere, 80: 724-732.
Zhang A.P., Liu R.L., Gao J., Zhang Q.W., Xiao J.N., Chen Z., Yang S.Q., Hui J.Z., and Yang L.Z. 2015. Effects of biochar on nitrogen losses and rice yield in anthropogenicalluvial soil irrigated with yellow river water. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 10: 116-54.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 May 2017
  • Revise Date: 03 March 2019
  • Accept Date: 02 December 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics