Effects of salinity and microbial inoculation on the yield and phosphorous efficiency indicators of corn

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Prof., of Soil Science, Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University

2 PH.D. Student, Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University

3 MSc. Student, Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University

Abstract

In this study, in order to assess the effect of salinity on yield, phosphorous efficiency indicators and some elements concentration in corn root and shoot dry weight, and also to evaluate phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and mycorrhizal fungi efficiency in adjusting salinity impacts on plant, an experiment carried out in a completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions. The first factor involves salinity (non-saline (NS) and salinity of 4.5 dS m-1 (S)) and the second factor was microbial inoculation including control (without inoculation), nutrition with soluble phosphorus (P), mycorrhizal inoculation (M), inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), phosphate solubilizing fungi inoculation (PSF), co-inoculation of mycorrhiza and bacteria (MB) and co-inoculation of mycorrhiza and fungi (MF). At the end of growing period, some plant growth indicators and nutrient concentrations in plant shoot were measured and phosphorous efficiency indicators were calculated. The results showed that salinity levels had a significant impact on all of measured properties except zinc. The highest amounts of shoot length (78.89 cm) and stem diameter (1.023 cm) were observed in soluble phosphorus treatment. Also, the results showed a significant increase in the amount of phosphorous, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, shoot length and stem diameter of plants that were inoculated with mycorrhiza and bacteria and in co-inoculation of AMF and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms condition, in comparison with non-inoculated plants. Bacteria and mycorrhizal treatments increased shoot length amount 1.90 and 1.20 times compared to control, respectively. Fungi and mycorrhiza treatments increased shoot zinc content 40.98 and 85.65 percent compared to control, respectively. It is inferred that microbial inoculation increase corn plants resistance in salinity condition by influencing nutrients uptake.

Keywords

References

 
Refrences
Aliasgarzad N. 2000. Evaluate distribution and population density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils of Tabriz Plain and determination of their inoculation impact in improving onion and barely tolerance to salinity. PhD Thesis. Agricalture faculty, Tehran University. (In Persian)
Aliasgharzad N., and Esfandiari M.R. 2004. Effects of dual inoculations of Sinorhizobium meliloti and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of salt-stressed alfalfa. Proceeding of the 2004 CIGR International Conference, Beijing, China.
Al-Karaki G.N., and Al-Raddad A. 1997. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress on growth and nutrient uptake of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Mycorrhiza, 7: 83-88.
Al-Karaki G.N., and Clark R.B. 1998. Growth, mineral acquisition and water use by mycorrhizal wheat grown under water stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 21: 263-270.
Al-Karaki G.N., Hammad R., and Rusan M. 2001. Response of two tomato cultivars differing in salt tolerance to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi under salt stress. Mycorrhiza, 11: 43-47.
Al-Karaki G.N. 2006. Nursery inoculation of tomato with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and subseqent performance under irrigatoin with saline water. Scientia Horticulture, 109: 1-7.
Apse M.P.G., Dharon S., Snelden W.A., and Bumerold E. 1999. Salt tolerance conferred by over expression of a vascoular Na+/H+ antiport in Arabidopsis. Science, 285: 1256-1258.
Asghari H.R., Marschner P., Smith S.E., and Smith F.A. 2005. Growth response of Atriplex nummularia to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at different salinity levels. Plant and Soil, 273: 245-256.
Asghari H.R. 2008. Vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza improve salinity tolerance in preinoculation subterranean (Trifolium subterranean) seedlings. International Journal of Plant Production, 2: 3.
Azcon  R., Berea J.M., and Hayman D.S. 1976. Utilization of rock phosphate in alkaline soils by plant inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 8(2): 135-138.
Baligar V.C., Fageria N.K., and He Z.L. 2001. Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32(7-8): 921-950.
Bashan y. 1998. Inoculants of plant growth-promoting bacteria for use in agriculture. Biotechnology Advances, 16(4): 729-770.
Bates L.S., Waldren R.P., and Teare I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and soil, 39(1): 205-207.‏
Bohra J.S., and Döffling K. 1993. Potassium nutrition of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under NaCl salinity. Plant  and Soil, 152: 299-303.
Brown C.E., Pezeshki S.R., and DeLaune R.D. 2006. The effects of salinity and soil drying on nutrient uptake and growth of Spartina alterniflora in a simulated tidal system. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 58: 140-148.
Cantrell I.C., and Linderman R.G. 2001. Preinoculation of lettuce and onion with VA mycorrhizal fungi reduces deleterious effects of soil salinity. Plant and Soil, 233: 269-281.
Caris C., Hördt W., Hawkins H.J., Römheld V., and George E. 1998. Studies of iron transport by arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae from soil to peanut and sorghum plants. Mycorrhiza, 8(1): 35-39.
Cotteni A. 1980. Methods of plant analysis. In: Robert Lee Westerman. Soil and Plant Testing, FAO Soil Bulletin, pp. 64-100.
Dixon R.K., Garg V.K. and Rao M.V. 1993. Inoculation of Lecaena and prosopis seedlings with Glomus and Rhizobium species in saline soil: rhizospher relations and seedlings growth. Plant and Soil Research, 7: 133-144.
Fortin J.A., Becard G., Declerck S., Dalpe Y., Coughlan A.P., and Piche Y. 2002. Arbuscular mycorrhiza on root-organ cultures. Canadian Journal of Botany, 80: 1-20.
Ghaderi A., Aliasgharzad N., Oustan S., and Olsson P.A. 2008. Efficeincy of three Pseudomonas isolates in releasing phosphate from an artificial variable-charge mineral (iron III hydroxide). Soil Environmental, 27(1): 71-76.
Giri B., Kapoor R., and Mukerji G. 2004. Mycorrhizal inoculant alleviates salt stress in Sesbania aegyptiaca and Sesbania grandiflora under field conditions: evidence for reduced sodium and improved magnesium uptake. Mycorrhiza, 14: 307-312.
Grattan S.R., and Grieve C.M. 1992. Mineral nutrient acquisition and response by plants grown in saline environments. In: Pessarakli M (Ed.). Handbook of plant and cold stress, pp. 203-226.
Gull F.Y., Hafeez I., Saleem M., and Malik K.A. 2004. Phosphorus uptake and growth promotion of chickpea by co-inoculation of mineral phosphate solubilizing bacteria and a mixed rhizobia culture. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44: 623-628.
Gupta R.K. 2000. Soil, plant, water and fertilizer analysis. Agrobios, New Delhi, India, pp. 438.
Hassan N.A.K., Drew J.V., Knudsen D., and Olsen R.A. 1970. Infuence of soil salinity on production of dry matter and uptake and distribution of nutrients in barley and corn. Agronomy Journal, 62: 46-48.
Homaei M. 2001. Plants Response to Salinity. 1st Edition, Iran National Comette of Irrigation and Dainage Publication, Iran, 107p. (In Persian)
Hu X.F., Chen J., and Guo J.F. 2006. Two phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria isolated from Tiannu Mountain, Zhejiang, China. World Journal Microbiology Biotechnology, 22: 983-990.
Jahromi F., Aroca R., Porcel R., Ruiz-Lozano J.M. 2008. Influence of salinity on the in vitro development of Glomus intraradices and on the in vivo physiological and molecular responses of mycorrhizal lettuce plants. Microbial Ecology, 55: 45–53.
Joner E.J., Van Aarle I.M., and Vosatka M. 2000. Phosphatase activity of extra-radical arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae: a review. Plant and Soil, 226 (2): 199-210.
Juniper S., and Abbott L. 1993. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil salinity. Mycorrhiza, 4: 45-57.
Khavazy K., Asadi-Rahmani H., and Malakouti M.J. 2005. Nesseccity of industrial production of biological fertelizers in country. Sana Publication, pp. 274-279. (In Persian)
Kholde-Barin B., and Safazadeh T. 2005. Mineral Nutrition of Plants. 2ed Edition, Shiraz University Publition, pp. 902. (In Persian)
Kucey R.M.N. 1983. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fungi in various cultivated and virgin Alberta soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 63(4), 671-678.‏
Liu Y., Mi G., Chen F., Zhang J., and Zhang F. 2004. Rhizosphere effect and growth of two maize genotypes with contrasting P efficiency at low P availability. Plant Science, 167: 217-233.
Maiquetia M., Caceres A., and Herrera A. 2009. Mycorrhization and phosphorus nutrition affect water relations and CAM induction by drought in seedlings of Clusia minor. Annal Botany, 103: 525-532.
Malakouti M.J., Keshavarz P., and Karimian N. 2008. Comprehensive Method of Recognition and Fertilizer Recommendation for Sustainable Agriculture. 7th Edition, Tarbiat Modarres University Press. 718p. (In Persian)
Mansouri H., Ahmadi-Moghaddam A., and Rouhani N. 2007. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal bean response to salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Biology , 20: 80-88. (In Persian)
Marschner H., and Dell B. 1994. Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant and Soil, 159: 89-102.
Mirmohammadi-Meybodi S., and Ghareyazi B. 2002. Physiological Aspects and Breeding For Salinity Stress in Plants. Isfahan University of Technology Publication, 274p. (In Persian)
Oliveira C.A., Alves V.M.C., Marriel I.E., Gomes E.A., Scotti M.R., Carneiro N.P., and Sa N.M.H. 2009. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere of maize cultivated in an oxisol of the Brazilian Cerrado Biome. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(9): 1782-1787.‏
Osborne L.D., and Rengel Z. 2002. Screening cereals for genotypic variation in efficiency of phosphorus uptake and utilisation. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 53(3): 295-303.
Perveen S., Khan M.S., and Zaidi A. 2002. Effect of rhizospheric microorganisms on growth and yield of green gram (Phaseolus radiatus). Indian Journal of Agriculture Science, 72: 421-423.
Rabie G.H., and Almadini A.M. 2005. Role of bio-inoculants in development of salt tolerance of Vicia faba Plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4: 210-222.
Rajapakse S., and Creighton Miller J. 1992. Methods for studing vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization and related root physical properties. Methods in Microbiology. Academic Press INC. ISBN 0-12-521524-X, pp. 275-301.
Reid C.P.P., and Bowen G.D. 1979. Effect of water stress on phosphorus uptake by mycorrhizas of Pinus radiata. New Phytologist, 83(1): 103-107.
Rigou L., and Mignard E. 1994. Factors of acidification of the rhizosphere of mycorrhiza plants: Measurement of p CO2 in the rhizosphere. Acta Botanica Gallica, 141: 533-539.
Rodrı́guez H., and Fraga R. 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnology Advances, 17(4): 319-339.‏
Sarikhani M.R., Malboobi M.A., Ebrahimi M. 2014. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria: isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and genes, mechanism and genetic dissolution of phosphate. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 6 (1): 76-110. (In Persian)
Sepehr E., Malakouti M.J., Kholde-barin B., Samadi A., and Karimian N. 2009. Geno topics Variation in P efficiency of selected Iranian cereals in green house experiment. Journal Plant Production, 3: 17-28.
Sharma A.K. 2002. Bifertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios Indian Publications, pp. 456-480.
Sharma S., Kumar V., and Tripati R.B. 2011. Isolation of Phosphate solubilizing microorganism from soil. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 1(2): 90-95.
Sheng M., Tang M., Chan H., Yang B., and Huang Y. 2008. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on photosynthesis and water status of maize plants under salt stress. Mycorrhiza, 18: 287-296.
Smith S.E., and Read D.J. 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Plant Journal, 11: 83-92.
Trafdar J.C., and Marschner H. 1994. Efficiency of VAM hyphae in utilization of organic phosphorus by wheat plants. Soil Science Plant Nutrition, 40: 593-600.
Wang X.S., and Jian G.H. 2007. Effects of NaCl and silicon on ion distribution in the roots, shoots and leaves of two alfalfa cultivars with different salt tolerance. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 53: 278-285.
Whitelaw M.A. 1999. Growth promotion of plants inoculated whit phosphate solubilizing fungi. Advances in Agronomy, 69: 99-151.
Yano-Melo A.M., Saggin O.J., and Costa M.L. 2003. Tolerance of mycorrhized banana (Musa sp. cv. Pacovan) plantlets to saline stress. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment, 95: 343–348.
Zahran H.H. 1999. Rhizobium-legum symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate. Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 63: 968-989.
Zaidi A., Khan M.S., and Amil M. 2003. Interactive effect of rhizotrophic microorganisms on yield and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Europian Journal of Agronomy, 19: 15–21.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 15 August 2017
  • Revise Date: 12 August 2018
  • Accept Date: 02 December 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics