Isolation and screening of native azotobacter from salt affected soils and measurement of their growth promoting properties

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 gorgan university

2 PhD of Soil Biology & Biotechnology Dept. of Soil Science College of Soil & Water. University College of Agriculture. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources,Gorgan, Iran

3 Ph.D) Associate Professor Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Water and soil Gorgan University ,Iran

Abstract

Salinity as one of the major abiotic stresses severely affects crop productivity. Plant growth promoting bacteria is being considered to ameliorate salinity stress. Fifteen samples of salt affected soils from Golestan province were collected to isolate Azotobacter. Thirty- two bacterial isolates were isolated and purified. Physiological and biochemical tests confirmed twenty-three isolates belongs to Genus Azotobacter. The isolates were assessed for their growth in liquid medium supplemented with 2, 5 and 10 % of salt. Exopolysaccharide production, drought stress tolerant and some selected growth promoting properties such as nitrogen fixation, solubilization insoluble potassium, tri-calcium phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid and hydrogen cyanid production capability was evaluated. Results showed that increasing salt concentration had negative effect on bacterial growth. Exopolysaccharide production (0.4-5.6 g L-1) was positive by 78.2% of the isolates. Higher levels of polyethylene glycol reduced growth of the isolates. Plant growth promoting tests showed tri-calcium phosphate solubilization (52.5-218.1 gL-1), IAA production (2.4 - 60.2 mg L-1), potassium solubilization (12.9-28.3 mg L-1) and biological nitrogen fixation (2.9 - 5.1 nmol ethylene hr-1). Among the 23 isolates to Azotobacter, based on physiological tests of bacteria in different levels of salt and drought and PGPR tests, isolate AZ13 was selected as the superior isolate.

Keywords

References

Ashraf M., Hasnain S., Berge O. and Mahmood T. 2004. Inoculating wheat seedlings with exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria restricts sodium uptake and stimulates plant growth under salt stress. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 40(3): 157-162.
Bal H.B. Nayak L. Das S. and Adhya T.K. 2013. Isolation of ACC deaminase producing PGPR from rice rhizosphere and evaluating their plant growth promoting activity under salt stress. Plant and soil, 366(1-2), pp.93-105.
Bouchotroch S., Quesada E., Izquierdo I., Rodriguez M. and Béjar V. 2000. Bacterial exopolysaccharides produced by newly discovered bacteria belonging to the genus Halomonas, isolated from hypersaline habitats in Morocco. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(6): 374-378.
Chen J., Guo J. 2006. Two phosphate and potassium solubilixing bacteria isolated from Tiammu Mountain, Zhejiang, China.World Journal Micro Bitechnology. 22: 983-990.
Donate-Correa J., León-Barrios M. and Pérez-Galdona R. 2005. Screening for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Chamaecytisus proliferus (tagasaste), a forage tree-shrub legume endemic to the Canary Islands. Plant and Soil, 266(1-2): 261-272.
Fankem, H., Nwaga, D., Deubel, A., Dieng, L., Merbach, W. and Etoa, F.X. 2006. Occurrence and functioning of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) rhizosphere in Cameroon. Afric. J. Biotech. 5: 2450-2460.
Grover, M., Ali, S.Z., Sandhya, V., Rasul, A. and Venkateswarlu, B., 2011. Role of microorganisms in adaptation of agriculture crops to abiotic stresses. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27(5), pp.1231-1240.
Kloepper J.W., Lifshitz R., and Zablotowicz R.M. 1989. Free-living bacterial inocula for enhancing crop productivity. Trends in Biotechnology, 7(2): 39-44.
Kennedy I.R. Choudhury A.T.M.A. and Kecskés M.L. 2004. Non-symbiotic bacterial diazotrophs in crop-farming systems: can their potential for plant growth promotion be better exploited. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36(8), pp.1229-1244.
Kremer R.J., and Souissi T. 2001. Cyanide production by rhizobacteria and potential for suppression of weed seedling growth. Current Microbiology, 43(3): 182-186.
Krieg N.R., and Manual H.J.C.B.S. 1984. Systematic Bacteriology, Williams Baltimore.
Larsen H. 1986. Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms‐an overview and historical perspective. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 39(1‐2): 3-7.
Mårtensson A.M. and Ljunggren H.D. 1984. A comparison between the acetylene reduction method, the isotope dilution method and the total nitrogen difference method for measuring nitrogen fixation in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Plant and Soil, 81(2): 177-184.
Mehta S. and Nautiyal C.S. 2001. An efficient method for qualitative screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Current Microbiology, 43(1): 51-56.
Merchan F. Lorenzo L.D. Rizzo S.G. Niebel A. Manyani H. Frugier F. Sousa C. and Crespi M., 2007. Identification of regulatory pathways involved in the reacquisition of root growth after salt stress in Medicago truncatula. The Plant Journal, 51(1), pp.1-17.
Michel B.E., and Kaufmann M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology, 51(5): 914-916.
Nautiyal C.S., Bhadauria S., Kumar P., Lal H., Mondal R. and Verma D. 2000. Stress induced phosphate solubilization in bacteria isolated from alkaline soils. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 182 (2: 291-296.
Parmar P. and Sindhu S.S. 2013. Potassium solubilization by rhizosphere bacteria: influence of nutritional and environmental conditions. Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(1): 25-31.
Paul S. 2013. Osmotic stress adaptations in rhizobacteria. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 53(2): 101-110.
Péchy‐Tarr M. Bruck D.J. Maurhofer M. Fischer E. Vogne C. Henkels M.D. Donahue K.M. Grunder J. Loper J.E. and Keel C. 2008. Molecular analysis of a novel gene cluster encoding an insect toxin in plant‐associated strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Environmental microbiology, 10(9): 2368-2386.
Rajai S.A., Alikhani C., President F. 2007. Evaluation of the ability of some native soils E. Azotobacter Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in the production of plant growth stimulant. Journal of Agricultural Science, 30: 33-47. (In Persian)
Ravikumar S., Kathiresan K., Ignatiammal S.T.M., Selvam M.B. and Shanthy S. 2004. Nitrogen-fixing azotobacters from mangrove habitat and their utility as marine biofertilizers. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 312(1): 5-17.
Redmile-Gordon M.A., Brookes P.C., Evershed R.P., Goulding K.W.T. and Hirsch P.R. 2014. Measuring the soil-microbial interface: Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from soil biofilms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 72: 163-171.
Rubio M.G., Valencia-Plata S.A., Bernal-Castillo J. and Martínez-Nieto P. 2000. Isolation of Enterobacteria, Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., producers of indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores, from Colombian rice rhizosphere. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología, 42(4): 171-176.
Son H.J., Park G.T., Cha M.S. and. Heo M.S. 2006. Solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphates by a novel salt-and pH-tolerant Pantoea agglomerans R-42 isolated from soybean rhizosphere. Bioresource Technology, 97(2): 204-210.
Sundara B., Natarajan V. and Hari K. 2002. Influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the changes in soil available phosphorus and sugarcane and sugar yields. Field Crops Research, 77(1): 43-49.
Vessey J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and soil, 255(2): 571-586.
Vela G.R. 1974. Survival of Azotobacter in dry soil. Applied and Enviromenta Microbiology, 28(1): 77-79.
Ventosa A., Mellado E., Sanchez-Porro C., and Marquez M.C. 2008. Halophilic and halotolerant micro-organisms from soils. In Microbiology of Extreme Soils, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp: 87-115.
Yasmin S., Rahman Bakar M.A., Malik K.A. and Hafeez F.Y. 2004. Isolation characterization and beneficial effects of rice associated plant growth promoting bacteria from Zanzibar soils. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 44: 241-252.
Applied Soil Research
Volume 7, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2019
Pages 109-122

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 08 June 2017
  • Revise Date: 03 August 2019
  • Accept Date: 07 February 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics