Factors affecting potassium pools distribution in some calcareous soils of Kohgilouye and Boyerahmad province

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Yasouj University

2 Shiraz University

Abstract

Different factors may affect potassium (K) content in calcareous soils. Potassium forms distribution as a function of various soil physicochemical properties was examined on seventy surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) soil samples of Kohgilouye and Boyerahmad province, southwest of Iran. Soil physical, chemical and mineralogical properties were determined according to standard methods. The soil was classified in Xeric and Ustic moisture regimes and Mexic, Termic, and Hyperthermic thermal regimes. As the result, the common clay minerals associations were found to be illite, smectite, chlorite and palygorskite with less content of vermiculite, kaolinite and quartz. Smectite, illite, and palygorskite were the main clay minerals occurring in humid and arid regions respectively. Soil soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable and structural K concentrations ranged from 1.2-12.1, 111-521, 153-1705 and 4584-10379 mg kg-1 at the surface and 0.2-5.0, 25-403, 72-1016 and 3227-9541 mg kg-1 at the subsurface soil samples respectively. Exchangeable, non-exchangeable, structural and total K concentrations positively correlated with soil clay content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), however negatively significant correlation was obtained with calcium carbonate content. Different forms of K (except soluble K) had positive and significant relationships with each other (r of 0.48-0.99) and this indicated the equilibration among K forms. Mineralogical studies indicated the positively influence of clay minerals, especially illite and smectite, on exchangeable and nonexchangeable soil K. While the structural and total K contents most affected by smectite and illitic clay minerals. Future studies are required about the mineralogy of soil sand and silt fractions and their influence on soil K status.

Keywords

References

Balali M.R., and Malakouti M.J. 1998. Study of exchangeable K changes in agriculture soils of Iran. Soil and Water, 12(3): 59–70. (In Persian)
Banaei M.H. 1998. Soil Moisture and Temperature Regime Map of Iran. Soil and Water Research Institute. Ministry of Agriculture, Iran, 300p.
Beringer H. 1985. Adequacy of soil testing for predicting fertilizer requirements. Plant and Soil, 83: 21–37.
Chapman H.D. 1965. Cation exchange capacity. In: Black C.A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 891-901.
Ganeshamurthy A.N. 1983. An estimate of the uptake of subsurface soil potassium by crops in two long-term experiments. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 101: 495-497.
Havlin J., Beaton J., Tisdale S., and Nelson W. 1999. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. Ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 503p.
Hosseinifard S.J., Khademi H., and Kalbasi M. 2010. Different forms of soil potassium as affected by the age of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees in Rafsanjan, Iran. Geoderma, 155(3-4): 289–297.
Igwe C.A., Zarei M., and Stahr K. 2008. Factors affecting potassium status of flood plain soils, eastern Nigeria. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 54(3): 309-319.
Jackson M.L. 1975. Soil Chemical Analysis: Advanced Course. Department of Soils, College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 930p.
Khormali F., and Abtahi A. 2003. Origin and distribution of clay minerals in calcareous arid and semiarid soils of Fars province, southern Iran. Clay Minerals, 38: 511–527.
Kuhlmann H. 1990. Importance of the subsoil for the K nutrition of crops. Plant and Soil, 127: 129–136.
Mehra O.P., and Jackson M.L. 1960. Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionate citrate system with sodium bicarbonate. Clay Minerals, 7: 317-327.
Mengel K., and Rahmatullah H.D. 1998. Release of potassium from the silt and sand fraction of Loess-derived soils. Soil Science, 163: 805–813.
Munn D.A., Wilding L.P., and McLean E.O. 1976. Potassium release from sand, silt, and clay soil separates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 40: 364–366.
Nabiollahy K., Khormali F., Bazargan K., and Ayoubi S. 2006. Forms of K as a function of clay mineralogy and soil development. Clay Minerals, 41: 739-749.
Najafi-Ghiri M., and Abtahi A. 2013. Potassium fixation in soil size fractions of arid soils. Soil and Water Research, 8(2): 49-55.
Najafi-Ghiri M., and Jaberi H.R. 2013. Effect of soil minerals on potassium release from soil fractions by different extractants. Arid land research and management, 27(2): 111-127.
Najafi-Ghiri M., Abtahi A., Owliaie H., Hashemi S.S., and Koohkan H. 2011. Factors affecting potassium pools distribution in calcareous soils of southern Iran. Arid land research and management, 25(4): 313-327.
Natarajan S., and Renukadevi A. 2003. Vertical distribution of forms of potassium in major soil series of Tamil Nadu. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 51(3): 339-346.
Nelson D.W., and Sommers L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Page A.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 539-579.
Owliaie H.R., Abtahi A., and Heck R.J. 2006. Pedogenesis and clay mineralogical investigation of soils formed on gypsiferous and calcareous materials, on a transect, southwestern Iran. Geoderma, 134: 62-81.
Padol V.R., and Mahajan S.B. 2003. Status and release behavior of potassium in some swell-shrink soils of Vidarbha, Maharashtra. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 28(1): 3-7
Pratt P.F. 1965. Potassium. In: Black C.A. (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis: Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Madison (WI): American Society of Agronomy, pp. 1022–1030.
Rowell D.L. 1994. Soil Science: Methods and applications. Longman Scientific and Technical.
Salinity Laboratory Staff. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Handbook No. 60, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C, 160p.
Sharma B.D., Mukhopadhyay S.S., and Sawhney J.S. 2006. Distribution of potassium fractions in relation to landforms in a Himalayan catena. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 52(4): 469–476.
Sharpley A.N. 1989. Relationship between potassium forms and mineralogy. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 52: 1023–1028.
Sinha A.K., and Biswas S. 2003. Distribution of different forms of potassium in surface and subsurface horizons of some well-established soils of West Bengal under the order Inceptisols. Journal of Interacademicia, 7 (3): 286-291.
Sparks D.L. 2000. Bioavailability of soil potassium. In: Sumner M.E. (Ed.), Handbook of Soil Science, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 38-52.
Sparks D.L., and Huang P.M. 1985. Physical chemistry of soil potassium. In: Mounson R.D. (Ed.), Potassium in Agriculture. ASA, Madison, WI, pp. 201-276.
Srinivasarao S., Rupa T.R., Subba Rao A., and Bansal S.K. 2001. Subsoil potassium availability in twenty-two benchmark soil series of India. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32(5–6): 863–876.
Applied Soil Research
Volume 7, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2019
Pages 196-207

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 10 October 2017
  • Revise Date: 06 August 2019
  • Accept Date: 18 April 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics