Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 departement of soil science, faculty of ariculture, university of Zanjan, Iran

2 Department of water engineering , faculty of agriculture, university of zanjan, iran

Abstract

 
Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) is defined as the amount of positive charge that can be exchanged per mass of soil. Modeling and estimating of CEC is a useful index of soil fertility. Assessing and designing various management scenarios requires having accurate information regarding the soil data bank. In order to estimate the soil CEC, 32 profiles were dug in Tabriz plain, and 131 different samples were collected from different depths and physiochemical experiments such as particle size distribution, organic carbon, pH and CEC of soil samples were performed. Then using seven regression models that were selected based on previous studies, were calibrated and evaluated for the study area. Also seven different architectures of artificial neural networks were designed to predict the CEC of soil and the results of artificial neural networks and multivariate regression models were evaluated using correlation coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE). Results revealed that artificial neural network with R2 = 0.86 and RMSE= 2.14 is better than regression based functions due to the existence of nonlinear relations between the easily available soil properties (independent variables) and the CEC (dependent variable).

Keywords

References
Amini M., Abbaspour K.C., Khademi H., Fathianpour N., Afyuni M., and Schulin R. 2005. Neural network models to predict cation exchange capacity in arid regions of Iran. European Journal of Soil Science, 56(4): 551-559.
Bayat H., Jorreh M., Safari-senjani A.A., and Davatgar N. 2013. Development of pedotransfer function for investigation the relationship between cation exchange capacity and weighted average diameter of aggregates. Soil Management Journal, 2(3): 39-47 (In Persian).
Bell M. A., and Van keulen H. 1995. Soil pedotransfer functions for four Mexican soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59(2):865–871.
Breeuwsma A., Wösten J. H. M., Vleeshouwer J. J., Van Slobbe A. M., and Bouma J. 1986. Derivation of land qualities to assess environmental problems from soil surveys. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50(1): 186-190.
Carpena O., lax a., and vahtras k. 1972. Determination of exchangeable cations in calcareous soils. Soil Science, 113(3): 194-199.
Daliakopoulos I. N., Coulibaly P., and Tsanis I. K. 2005. Groundwater level forecasting using artificial neural networks. Journal of Hydrology, 309(1): 229-240.
DuBose P., and Klimasauskas C. 1989. Introduction to Neural Networks with Examples and Applications. NeuralWare Inc., Pittsburgh, 317 p.
Fernando M. J., Burau R. G., and Arulanandan K. 1977. A new approach to determination of cation exchange capacity. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 41(4): 818-820.
Gee G. W., and Bauder J. W. 1986. Particle size analysis. p. 383-411. In: A. Klute (Ed), Methods of soil analysis. Part I. Physical and mineralogical methods, 2nd ed., Agronomy Monograph. No: 9. ASA and SSSA. Madison, WI.
Lippmann R. P. 1987. An Introduction to Computing with Neural Nets. ASSP Magazine, IEEE, 4(2): 4-22.
Manrique L. A., Jones C. A., and Dyke P. T. 1991. Predicting cation exchange capacity from soil physical and chemical properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50:787-794.
McBratney A.B., Minasny B., Cattle S.R., and Vervoort R.W. 2002. From pedotransfer function to soil inference systems. Geoderma, 93:225-253.
McLean E.O. 1982. Soil pH and Lime requirement. Pp. 199-224. In: Page A.L., Miller R.H. and Keeney D.R. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Micromorphological Properties. 2nd ed. Agron, Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Meamarian-Fard M., and Beigi H. 2009. Comparison of multiple regression and artificial neural network pedotransfer functions for prediction of cation exchange capacity in soils of Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari. Journal of Soil and Water, 23: 90–99. (In Persian)
Minasny B., and McBratney A. 2002. The method for fitting neural network parametric pedotransfer functions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66(2): 352-361.
Mirkhani R., Shabanpour M., and Saadat S. 2005. Using particle-size distribution and organic cabon percentage to predict the cation exchange capacity of soils of Lorestan province. Journal of Soil and Water Science, 19(2): 235-242.
Mohajer R., Salehi M., and Beigi H. 2009. Prediction of cation exchange capacity using multiple regression and artificial neural network and effect of data partitioning on the accuary of models. Journal of Soil and Water, 49: 83–97. (In Persian)
Nelson R.E., and Sommers L. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Pp. 532-581. In: Page A.L., Miller R.H. and Keeney D.R. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Methodes. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Nikbakht J., Zolfaghari M., and najib Mortez. 2017. Estimation of Groundwater Level of the Tasuj- East Azarbayejan Plain using artificial neural networks. Hydrogeology, 1(2): 99-115. (In Persian)
Pachepsky Y. A., Timlin D., and Varallyay G. 1996. Artificial neural networks to estimate soil water retention from easily measurable data. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60(3): 727-733.
Sayegh A.H., Khan P., and Ryan, J. 1978. Factors affecting gypsum and cation exchange capacity determination in gypsiferous soils. Soil Science Journal, 125: 294-300.
Schaap M. G., and Leij F. J. 1998. Using neural networks to predict soil water retention and soil hydraulic conductivity. Soil and Tillage Research, 47(1): 37-42.
Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi R., Mahmoodi S., Heidari A., and Akbarzadeh A. 2009. Estimation of cation exchange capacity using multiple regression and artificial neural network techniques in Khezrabd region, Yazd. Journal of Agricultural Research, 1: 1–11. (In Persian)
Tamari S., Wösten J. H. M., and Ruiz-Suarez J. C. 1996. Testing an artificial neural network for predicting soil hydraulic conductivity. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60(6): 1732-1741.
Yekom consulting engineers. 1993. Report of semi-detailed studies of Tabriz plain. Regional water company of East Azarbaijan. Tabriz, Iran (In Persian), 217p.
Zolfaghari A., Soltani M., Afshari T., and Sarmadian F. 2013. Comparison of Knearest neighbor and artificial neural network techniques in prediction of cation exchange capacity. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 3: 77–94. (In Persian)