Effects of Phosphorous and Biochar Application on the Phosphorous Availability, Growth and Yield of Sorghum Inoculated with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran. ziaeian@yahoo.com

2 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran. moradi1373@gmail.com

3 Assistant Professors, Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran. zareian48@yahoo.com

4 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zarghan, Iran

Abstract

Abstract
Due to the calcareous nature of our country's soils, the plant phosphorus availability is low.  In order to study the effects of soil microorganisms and biochar application on the phosphorous availability, growth and yield of sorghum and some soil chemical characteristics, a pot experiment as factorial in completely randomized design were conducted. In this research, effects of two treatments of inoculation and non-inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and two biochar consumption treatments (0 and 1.5% by weight) on the four levels of zero, 25, 50 and 75 mg .kg-1 of P2O5 as triple superphosphate source, in three replications were studied. The results showed that phosphate solubilizing bacteria inoculation and biochar application had a significant increase on the volumes, fresh and dry weight of roots, fresh forage yield and phosphorous, nitrogen, potassium and zinc uptake. Using phosphorus increased the forage weight by increasing the height and diameter of the stems. Phosphorus application also increased soil salinity and decreased soil organic carbon, but bacteria inoculation increased the amounts of organic carbon and decreased soil salinity while biochar application increased both of organic carbon and salinity amounts. None of them had a significant effect on soil acidity. Data showed that although single application of the biochar and or bacteria had significant effects on the phosphorus uptake increases, but combined use of biochar and phosphorus and bacteria with phosphorus and also combination of these three treatments caused sorghum yield increases by increasing of phosphorus uptake. In other words, biochar or bacterial had a positive effect on the phosphorus effectiveness so that the highest plant height, fresh and dry forage, and the highest phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and zinc uptake were obtained from the combined use of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, biochar and 50 mg P2O5 per kg of soil.

Keywords

References

References
Abusuwar A.O., and Omer E.A. 2011. Effect of intercropping, phosphorus fertilization and rhizobium inoculation on the growth and nodulation of some leguminous and cereal forage. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 2(1): 109-124.
AliEhyaee M., and Behbahani Zadeh A.A. 1993. Description of Soil Chemical Analysis Methods.  Technical publication No. 1024, Vol. 2. Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. 112p. (In Persian)
Alimadad, A., Jahansouz M. R., Besharaty H., and Tavakkol-Afshari R. 2010. Evaluating the effects of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, mycorrhizal fungi and seed priming on nodulation of chickpea. Iranian Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Science), 24 (1): 43-53 (In Persian).
Amonette J.E., and Joseph S. 2009. Characteristics of Biochar: Mi­crochemical Properties. pp. 33–43. In: Lehmann, J., Joseph, S. (Eds.): Bio­char for Environmental Management Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, 448p.
Banerje, M.R., Yesmin L., and Vessey J. K. 2006. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers and biopesticides, pp.137-181. In: Handbook of Microbial Biofertilizers. Ed., Rai, M.K., Food Production Press, U.S.A. 578p.
Blackwell P., Riethmuller G., and Collins M. 2009. Biochar Aapplication to Soil, in Lehmann, J., and Joseph, S. (Eds.), Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology, Earthscan, United Kingdom, pp. 207–260.
Cimo G., Kucerik J., Berns A.E., Schaumann G.E., Alonzo G., and Conte P. 2014. Effect of heating time and temperature on the chemical characteristics of biochar from poultry manure. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, 62: 1912-1918.
Eftekhari G.H., Fallah A. R., Akbari Gh. A., Mohaddesi A., and Allahdadi I. 2010. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and phosphate fertilizers on rice growth parameters. Iranian Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Science), 23(2): 229-239. (In Persian)
Egamberdiyeva, D. 2007. The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of maize in two different soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 36:184-189.
Emami A. 1996. Methods of Plant Analysis. Technical Publication No. 182. Soil and Water Research Institute Press, Tehran, 125p. (In Persian)
Gaskin J.W., Steiner C., Harris K., Das K.C., and Bibens B. 2008. Effect of lowtemperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use. Transactions of the ASABE, 51: 2061-2069.
George E., Marschner H., and Jakobsen, I. 1995. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen from soil. American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture and Environment Science, 15: 257–270.
Glick B .R., Cheng Z., Czarny J., Duan J. 2007. Promotion of plant growth by ACC deaminase containing soil bacteria. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 119(3):  329–39.
Hammes K., and Schmidt W.I. 2009. Changes of Biochar in Soil. Science and Technology, Earthscan, United Kingdom, pp.169–82.
Kameyama K., Miyamoto T., and Shinogi Y. 2010. Increases in available water content of soils by applying bagasse-charcoals. World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Brisbane, Australia, pp.105-108.
Khan M.S., Zaidi A., and Wani P. A. 2007. Role of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture-A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 27(1): 29-43.
Khassehe Sirjani A. 2011. Evaluation of biofertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria and enriched organic p-fertilizer in wheat production. Iranian Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Science), 25 (3): 217-224. (In Persian)
Larsen J., Cornejo P. and Míguel Barea and the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa and P. macerans in the mycorrhizosphere of Cucumis sativus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41: 286-292.
Lee K. D., Bai Y., Smith D., and Han H. S. 2005. Isolation of Plant-Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria from Bean Nodules. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 1(3): 232-236.
Lehmann J., da Silva J.P., Steiner C., Nehls T., Zech W., and Glaser B. 2003. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological anthrosol and a ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: Fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and Soil, 249: 343–57.
Lehmann J., Gaunt J., and Rondon M. 2006. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems - A review. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11:395-419.
Munir I., Ranjha M., Sarfraz Obaid-ur-Rehman S. M., and Mahmood K. 2004. Effect of residual phosphorus on sorghum fodder in two different textured soils. International Journal Agriculture and Biology, 6 (6):967-969.
Nigussie A., Kissi E.K., Misganaw M., and AmbawG. 2012. Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture and Environment Science, 12 (3): 369-376.
Oelkers E.H., and Valsami-Jones E. 2008. Phosphate mineral reactivity and global sustainability. Elements, 4: 83–87.
 Ouyang L., Wang F., Tang J., Yu L., and Zhang R. 2013. Effects of biochar amendment on soil aggregates and hydraulic properties. Journal Soil Science Plant Nutrition, 13: 991-1002.
Rutigliano F.A., Romano M., Marzaioli R., Baglivo I., Baronti S., Miglietta F., and Castaldi S. 2014. Effect of biochar addition on soil microbial community in a wheat crop. European Journal Soil Biology, 60: 9-15.
Ścisłowska M., Włodarczyk R., Kobyłecki R., and Bis Z. 2015. Biochar to improve the quality and productivity of soils. Journal Ecology Engineering, 16: 31-35.
Sparkes J., and Stoutjesdijk P. 2011. Biochar: Implications for Agricultural Productivity. Research by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences. Technical Report 11.06. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rorestry. 163p.
Streubel J.D. 2011. Biochar: Its characterization and utility for recovering phosphorus from anaerobic digested dairy effluent. Ph.D. Dissertation. Washington State University. Soil Science.159p.
Uzoma K.C., Inoue M., Andry H., Fujimaki H., Zahoor A., and Nishihara E. 2011. Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Journal Cmpilation British Society of Soil Science. Soil Use and Management, 27: 205-212.
Vessey J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255: 571–586.
Wandruszka R. V. 2006. Phosphorus retention in calcareous soils and the effect of organic matter on its mobility. http:// www. Geochemical transactions .com/ content /7/1/6.
Applied Soil Research
Volume 8, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2020
Pages 190-200

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 January 2019
  • Revise Date: 13 June 2019
  • Accept Date: 17 June 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics