Akhtar S.S., Mathias N.A., and Fulai L. 2015. Residual effects of biochar on improving growth, physiology and yield of wheat under salt stress, Agricultural Water Management, 158: 61-68.
Alburquerque J.A., Salazar P., Barron V., Torrent J., del Campillo M.D., Gallardo A., and Villar R. .2013. Enhanced wheat yield by biochar addi-tion under different mineral fertilization levels. Agron Sustain Development, 33: 475- 484.
Bayabil H.K., Stoof C.R., Lehmann J.C., Yitaferu B., and Steenhuis T.S.2015. Assessing the potential of biochar and charcoal to improve soil hydraulic properties in the humid ethiopian highlands: The Anjeniwatershed, Geoderma, 243: 115 - 123.
Beheshti M., and Alikhani H. 2016. Changes in biochar quality produced from wheat straw during slow pyrolysis process at different temperatures, Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 26:190-201.
Buranov A.U., and Mazza G. 2008. lignin in straw of herbaceous crops. Industrial Crops and Products, 28(3): 237-259.
Butnan S., Deenik J.L., Toomsan B., Antal M.J., and Vityakon P. 2015. Biochar characteristics and application rates affecting corn growth and properties of soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy, Geoderma, 237:105-116.
Case S.D.C., McNamara N.P., Reay D.S., and Whitaker J. 2012. The Effect of biochar addition on n2o and co2 emissions from a sandy loam soil- the role of soil aeration soil biol. Biochem, 51:125-134.
Claoston N.A., Samsuri M.H., and Husni A. 2014. Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of empty fruit bunch and rice husk biochars. Waste Management & Research, 32(4): 331-339.
Eslami A. 2018. Simulation of one-wheat furrow irrigation using sirmod model. Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering, 34: 193-207 (In Persian).
Gebremedhin G.H., Haileselassie B., Berhe D., and Belay T.2015. Effect of biochar on yield and yield components of wheat and post-harvestsoil properties in tigray, Ethiopia. Journal of Fertilizers & Pesticides, 6: 1-4.
Gul S., and Whalen J.K. 2016. Biochemical cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in biochar-amended soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 103: 1-15.
Gul S., Whalen J.K., Thomas B.W., Sachdeva V., and Deng H.Y. 2015. Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils: mechanisms and future directions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 206: 46-59.
Jeffery S., Verheijen F.G.A., van der Velde M., and Bastos A.C. 2011. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using met-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 144: 175-187.
Joseph S., Downie A., Munroe P., and Crosky A. 2007. Biochar for carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and enhancement of soil fertility; a review of the materials science. Proceeding of the Australian Combustion Symposium, 130-133.
Karimi A., Moezzi A., Chorom M., and Enayatizamir N. 2019. Chemical fractions and availability of zn in a calcareous soil in response to biochar amendments. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,19 (4):1-14.
Kloss S., Zehetner F., Dellantonio A., Hamid R., Ottner F., Liedtke V., Schwanninger M., Gerzabek M.H., and Soja G. 2012. Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars: effects of feed stocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41 (4):990-1000.
Kuppusamy S., Thavamani P., Megharaj M., Venkateswarlu K., and Naidu R. 2016. Agronomic and remedial benefits and risks of applying biochar to soil: current knowledge and future research directions. Environment International, 87:1 - 12
Lai W.Y., Chao M.L., Guang R.K., Ren-Shih C., and Chien TC. 2013. The effects of woodchip biochar application on crop yield, carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions from soils planted with rice or leaf beet. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 44: 1039-1044.
Laird D.A., Fleming P., Davis D.D., Horton R., Wang B., and Karlen D.L. 2010a. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma,158: 443-449.
Lehmann J., Gaunt J., and Rondon M. 2006. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosys-tems – A review.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11: 395-419.
Liu Y.X., Yang M., Wu Y.M., Wang H.L., Chen Y.X., and Wu W.X. 2011. Reducing CH4 and CO2 emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar. journal of Soils sediments, 11: 930-939.
Luo Y., Jiao Y.J., Zhao X.R., Li G.T., Zhao L.X., and Meng H.B. 2014. Improvement to maize growth caused by biochars derived from six feedstocks prepared At three different temperatures. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(3):533-540.
Maschio G.C., and Koufopanos A.L. 1992. Pyrolysis, a promising route for biomass utilization. Bioresource Technology, 42(3): 219-231
Novak J.M., Cantrell K.B., and Watts D.W. 2013. Compositional and thermal evaluation of lignocellulosic and poultry litter chars via high and low temperature pyrolysis. Bioenergy Research, 6: 114-130.
Olmo M., Alburquerque J.A., Barro´n V., del Campillo M.C.,Gallardo A., and Fuentes M. 2014. wheat growth and yield responses to biochar addition under mediterranean climate conditions. special issue, biol. fertil. soils, springer-verlag berlin heidelberg, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0959-y. Prepared at three different temperatures. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13: 533-540.
Qin Y., Junjie L., Zhenhua Y., Yansheng L., Jian J., Xiaobing L., and Guanghua W. 2017. Three years of biochar amendment alters soil physiochemical properties and fungal community composition in a black soil of Northeast China.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 110: 56-67.
Rizwan T.A.M., Shafaqat A.M.A., Abid Mahmood Zia-ur M.I. , Arshad M., and Qayyum M.F. 2018. Biochar application increased the growth and yield and reduced cadmium in drought stressed wheat grown in an aged contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 148: 825-833
Robertson S.J., Rutherford P.M., Lo’pez-Gutie‘rrez J.C., and Massicotte H.B. 2012. Biochar enhances seedling growth and alters root symbioses and properties of sub-boreal forest soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 92: 329-340.
Salim B.B.M. 2016. Influence of biochar and seaweed extractapplications on growth, yield and mineral composition of wheat ( Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Sandy Soil Conditions. Annals of Agricultural Science , 61(2): 257-265.
Schulz H., Dunst G., and Glaser B. 2014. No effect level of co-composted biochar on plant growth and soil properties in a greenhouse experiment. Agronomy, 4: 34- 51.
Shayannejad M. 2010. The impact of water deficit on quantitative properties of wheat and determination of its optimal water depth in shahrekord. Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering, 1: 24-35.
Shuailin L., and Zhouping SH. 2018. Positive effects of apple branch biochar on wheat yield only appear at a low application rate, regardless of nitrogen and water conditions. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18: 3235-3243.
Stavi I., and Lal R. 2013. Agroforestry and biochar to offset climate change: a review. Agron Sustain Development, 33: 81-96.
Thies J.E., and Rillig M.C. 2012. Characteristics of biochar: biological properties. biochar for environmental management. Science and Technology, 6: 85-105.
Tong H., Hu M., Li F.B., Liu C.S., and Chen M.J. 2014. Biochar enhances the microbialand chemical transformation of pentachlorophenol in paddy soil. Soil Biologyand Biochemistry, 70: 142-150.
Uzoma K.C., Inoue M., Andry H., Fujimaki H., Zahoor A., and Nishihara E. 2011. effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Soil Use and Management, 27: 205-212.
Uzoma K.C., Inoue M., Andry H., Fujimaki H., Zahoor Z., and Nishihara E. 2011. Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Soil Use Manage, 27: 205-212.
Zolfi-bavoriani M., Ronaghi A., Karimian N., Ghasemi R., and Yasrebi J. 2016. Effect of biochar prepared from poultry manure at different temperatures on chemical properties of a calcareous soil. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 20: 73-86.
)