Evaluation of Capability of Fifteen Isolates of Mycorrhiza-like Endophytic Fungi on Release of Phosphorous from Phosphorite Mineral in the Aquatic Culture Medium

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan

2 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University

Abstract

Phosphorus is the most widely used element for plant growth and development after nitrogen. Although the phosphorus content is high in soils, its bioavailability for plants is very low. Therefore, using biological methods to increase its bioavailability is very beneficial. In this study, 15 isolates of plant endophytic mycorrhiza-like fungi were used to increase phosphorus bioavailability in two soil phosphorite (5 g.L-1) modified Pikovskaya culture media with two concentrations of organic carbon (1% and 7% glucose) in three replications and sampled in four times. Analysis of the data showed that the release of phosphorus and calcium was associated with the reduction in pH of culture media. All fungi have the ability to release phosphorus and the ability of fungi was significantly higher in the 7% glucose concentration. The highest amount of solubilized phosphorus was obtained with inoculation of Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus calidoustus, and Alternaria botrytis in the modified Pikovskaya culture medium with 7% glucose. The solubilized P concentration in 30th day of incubation was equal to 339.56, 334.19 and 334.64 mg L-1 respectively. Also, the highest amount of the dissolved calcium in the medium with 7% glucose in Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus calidoustus treatments was 423.36 and 403.36 mg L-1 respectively. However, the highest electrical conductivity in the medium with 7% glucose was obtained in the cultivation of Alternaria botrytis, which was equal to 3.01 dS m-1 in 30th day of incubation. The amount of the dissolved calcium and the electrical conductivity increased continuously over a period of time for thirty days. This may dependent on the pH reduction and mineral P solubilization by fungi. The analysis of biomass P in fungal hyphae showed that the fungi with lower ability in P release in solution had higher biomass P. The highest pH and biomass P was measured in the Penicilium sp. culture medium with the lowest EC and solubilized Ca. The lowest amount biomass P in 7% glucose in Alternaria botrytis, Giberlla thapsina and Alternaria consortialis treatments. This study revealed that mycorrhiza-like fungi had different methods in release of phosphorus from minerals and increase of P bioavailability in soil that can be used in the production of biofertilizers.

Keywords

References

Aletaha R., Safari Sinegani A.A., and Zafari D. 2018. A survey on the endophytic fungi in the roots of chenopodiaceae family under different environmental conditions in Iran. Mycosphere, 9(4): 618-634.
Aletaha R., Safari Sinegani A.A., and Zafari D. 2019. Evaluation of growth potential in inoculated spinach plants with piriformospora indica, mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyttein drought stress. Journal of Crop Improvement, 20(2): 517-531.
Barrow J., and Aaltonen, R. 2001. Evaluation of the internal colonization of Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. roots by dark septate fungi and the influence of host physiological activity. Mycorrhiza, 4: 199-205.
Barrow J.R. and Osuna P. 2002. Phosphorus solubilization and uptake by dark septate fungi in fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens (Pursh). Nutt. Journal of Arid Environment, 51: 449-459.
Bolan N.S., Naidu R., Mahimairaja S., and Baskaran S. 1994. Influence of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the solubilization of phosphates. Journal of Biology and Fertility of Soils, 18(4): 311-319.
Botha C.R., and Webb M.M. 1952. The versenate method for the determination of calcium and magnesium in mineralized waters containing large concentrations of interfering ions. Institute of Water Engineers Journal, (6): 459.
Ceci A., Pinzari F., Russo F., Maggi O., and Persiani A.M. 2018. Saprotrophic soil fungi to improve phosphorus solubilisation and release: In vitro abilities of several speciest, Ambio 471: 30-40.
Diene, O., Wang, W., and Narisawa, K. 2013. Pseudosigmoidea ibarakiensis sp. nov., a dark septate endophytic fungus from a cedar forest in Ibaraki, Japan. Journal of Microbes and Environments, 13002.
Ebrahimi M., Safari Sinegani A.A., Sarikhani M.R., and Aliasgharzad N. 2019. Assessment of soluble and biomass K in culture medium is a reliable tool for estimation of K releasing efficiency of bacteria. Geomicrobiology Journal, 36(10): 873-880.
Ebrahimi M., Safari Sinegani A.A., Sarikhani M.R., and Aliasgharzadan. N. 2018. Investigation of the ability of some bacterial isolates to dissolve phosphate and determine how dissolved phosphorus dissolved in both soluble and microbial biomas Journal of Biology of Microorganisms, 25: 109-125.
Ezawa T., Smith S.E., and Smith F.A. 2002. P metabolism and transport in AM fungi. Journal of Plant and Soil 244(1-2): 221-230.
Fadhl H.A., and Al-Hadithi B.A. 2016. The effect of fungi inoculation solvent phosphate in increasing phosphorus availability in calcareous soil and its concentration in Cucumis sativus L. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(9): 750-763.
Gaind S. 2016. Phosphate dissolving fungi: mechanism and application in alleviation of salt stress in wheat. Microbiological Research (193): 94-102.
Ghaderi A., Aliasgharzad N., Oustan S., and Olsson P.A. 2008. Efficiency of three Pseudomonas isolates in releasing phosphate from an artificial variable-charge mineral (iron III hydroxide). Journal of Soil Environment, 27(1): 71-76.
Hao X., Cho C.M., Racz G.J., and Chang C. 2002. Chemical retardation of phosphate diffusion in an acid soil as affected by liming. Journal of Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 64(3): 213-224.
Haselwandter K., and Read D.J. 1982. The significance of rootfungus association in two Carex species of high-alpine plant communities. Journal of Oecologia, 53: 352-354.
Jahandideh A., Barani Motlagh M., Dordipoor E., Ghorbani Nasr Abadi, R., and Nazari, T. 2019. The effects of Co-application of Humic acid and phosphorous fertilizer on vegetative growth indices and phosphorous availability in Canola. Applied Soil Research, 8: 68-78.
Jumpponen A.R.I., and Trappe J.M. 1998. Dark septate endophytes: a review of facultative biotrophic root-colonizing fungi. New Phytologist Foundation, l140(2): 295-310.
Jumpponen A. 2001. Dark septate endophytes - are they mycorrhizal?. Mycorrhiza, 11: 207-211.
Khan M.S., Zaidi A., and Wani P.A. 2007. Role of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture a review. Journal of Agronomy for Sustainable Development 27(1): 29-43.
Knapp, D.G., Kovács, G.M., Zajta, E., Groenewald, J.Z., and Crous, P.W. 2015. Dark septate endophytic pleosporalean genera from semiarid areas. Journal of Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi, 35: 87.
Manske G.G.B., Ortiz-Monasterio J.I., Van Ginkel M., Gonzalez R.M., Fischer R.A., Rajaram S., and Vlek  P.L.G. 2001. Importance of P uptake efficiency versus P utilization for wheat yield in acid and calcareous soils in Mexico. Journal of European Journal of Agronomy, 14(4): 261-274.
Murphy J., and Riley J.P. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Journal of Analytica Chimica Acta Jouronal, (27): 31-36.
Nahas E. 2007. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: Effect of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources. In First international meeting on microbial phosphate solubilization, (1): 111-115.
Novais R.F., and Smith  T.J. 1999. Fósforo em solo e planta em condições tropicais)1st ed(. Editora UFV: Viçosa.
Pikovskaya R.I. 1948. Mobilization of phosphorus in soil connection with the vital activity of some microbial species. Journal of Microbiologiya 17 :362-337.
 Rand M.C., Greenberg E.A., and Taras J.M.1997. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
Safari Sinegani A.A. 2013. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 4nd Ed. Academic Bu-Ali Sina University. 520p.
 Sarikhani M., Malboobi M.A., and Ebrahimi M. 2013. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: Isolation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and genes encoding phosphate-opening mechanism and genetics. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 1: 77-110
Sharma S., Kumar V., and Tripathi R.B. 2011. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSMs) from soil. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 1(2): 90-95.
Sheng X.F. 2005. Growth promotion and increased potassium uptake of cotton and rape by a potassium releasing strain of Bacillus edaphicus. Journal of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37(10):1918-1922.
Siddiqui Z.A., and Pichtel J. 2008. Mycorrhizae: an overview. In Mycorrhizae: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, (1): 1-35.
Vassilev N., Medina A., Azcon R., and Vassileva M. 2006. Microbial solubilization of rock phosphate on media containing agroindustrial wastes and effect of the resulting products on plant growth and P uptake. Journal of Plant and Soil, 287(1-2): 77-84.
Whitelaw M.A. 1999. Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing fungi. Journal of Advances in Agronomy, 69: 99-151.
Whittaker R.H. 1969. New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. Science. 163(3863):150-160.
Yao L., Wu Z., Zheng Y., Kaleem I., and Li, C. 2010. Growth promotion and protection against salt stress by Pseudomonas putida Rs-198 on cotton. European Journal of Soil Biology, 46(1): 49-54.
Yu T.A., and Nassuth R.L. 2001 Characterization of the interaction between the dark septate fungus Phialocephala fortinii and Asparagus officinalis roots. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 47(8): 741-753.
Applied Soil Research
Volume 9, Issue 2
September 2021
Pages 87-101

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 August 2020
  • Revise Date: 22 December 2020
  • Accept Date: 24 December 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics