Response of Agronomic Characteristics and Essential Oil Quality of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) to Different Levels of Biochar and Biological Fertilizers

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Member of the academic faculty of Azad University, Khorramabad branch

2 Department of Agronomy, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran.

3 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of biochar and biological fertilizer (Arbuscular mycorrhizal and Azospirillum lipoferum) on agricultural properties and quality of chamomile essential oil, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three repetitions was conducted in Beiranshahr region of Khorramabad city in 2019-2020 cropping year. The factors included: application of biochar at three levels (0, 10 and 20 tons per hectare) and inoculation of biological fertilizers at four levels (without inoculation (control), inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza, inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum and double inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza and Azospirillum lipoferum). The results showed that the interaction effect of biochar and biological fertilizers on the number of branches per plant, flower diameter, number of flowers per plant, biomass yield, economic yield (fresh flower), carotenoid content and essential oil yield at the probability level of one percent and on plant height and essential oil percent it was significant at the five percent probability level. Combined use of biochar and biofertilizers in the treatment of using 20 ton.ha-1 of biochar and double inoculation of mycorrhizae and Azospirillum lipoferum compared to other fertilizer treatments, has the highest values of biological yield (174.3 g plant-1), economic yield (3 56.5 g plant-1), essential oil percentage (0.440 %), and essential oil yield (24.6 g plant-1). Also, the use of 20 ton ha-1 of biochar showed more total flavonoids (0.43%), and carotenoids (1.56 mg/g) than other treatments. The highest percentage of camazolin (0.09%) was observed in the double inoculation treatment of mycorrhiza and Azospirillum lipoferum. The results showed that the use of biochar as an organic fertilizer of natural origin along with the inoculation of biological fertilizers increases the quality and quantity of chamomile medicinal plant products in the field and also maintains the balance of the environment.

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References

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History

  • Receive Date: 04 January 2023
  • Revise Date: 18 June 2023
  • Accept Date: 15 July 2023

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