Evaluation of Pollution and Health Hazards of some Heavy Metals in Dust in the Center of Zanjan City

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Environmental Geology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University

2 Urmia university

3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University

Abstract

In Recent decades, pollutions of industrial Sources are considered as the main cause of environmental degradation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the pollution and pathogenicity of lead, zinc, cadmium and arsenic in the dust of Zanjan City, Iran, which is surrounded by smelting and refining industries of heavy metals. Dust samples were taken from 5 areas in center of Zanjan city and after preparing the samples, they were injected into ICP-MS. The results of heavy metal concentrations were evaluated using pollution, ecological risk and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic indicators. In spring was especially unfavorable in terms of zinc concentration (0.003 mg kg-1) and then lead (4×10-4 mg kg-1) and cadmium (5×10-6 mg kg-1) and in winter, the concentration of arsenic (4×10-5 mg kg-1) was higher. In spring, arsenic (19.6) and zinc (12) showed more enrichment and in general, arsenic enrichment index (annual average of 11.8) showed the highest enrichment. In all seasons, cadmium and lead were moderately enriched. The degree of pollution was high in spring (4.1) and in other seasons was low to moderate. Children at risk of carcinogenicity were (1.4×10-6) more than adults. In particular, the risk of swallowing contaminated particles was higher. The results obtained from the indicators of pollution and health hazards showed that the source of pollution of the studied metals is anthropogenic activities such as industrial activities around the city of Zanjan, traffic, industrial facilities and burning fossil fuels.

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