The Effect of Different Soil Iron Concentrations on Morphological Traits, Fe Content, and Activity of Some Antioxidant Enzymes in Bread Wheat Cultivars

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Urmia University

10.30466/asr.2025.55239.1844

Abstract

To investigate the response of Fe-efficient and -inefficient bread wheat cultivars to iron deficiency conditions, a factorial-based greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Fe-efficient (Pishtaz, Parsi and Chamran) and -inefficient (Alvand and Falat) cultivars were grown in two Fe concentrations: 10 mg kg-1 (Iron sufficiency) and 1.4 mg kg-1 (Iron deficiency). The shoot and root samples were harvested in two growth stages, 30 days after germination (vegetative) and 30% of heading (reproductive). The traits and indices studied, were Fe efficiency index, some morphological traits, chlorophyll content, seed iron concentration and content, Fe efficiency and Fe uptake efficiency. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes were also measured in the roots and shoots of plants. Results showed the highest and lowest Fe efficiency in Pishtaz and Falat cultivars, respectively. The maximum amount of seed iron concentration and content was obtained for Pishtaz cultivar. The highest level of Fe efficiency was observed in the shoots of Pishtaz cultivar at reproductive stage, whereas the highest level of Fe uptake efficiency was found in the roots of this cultivar at vegetative stage. The chlorophyll content was increased in iron deficiency conditions. The activity of ascorbite peroxidase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase was reduced in iron deficiency conditions, while the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme was enhanced in the shoots and roots of cultivars in both vegetative and reproductive stages. To better elucidate the mechanism of iron absorption and transfer in iron-efficient and -inefficient varieties of bread wheat, it is suggested to study the expression of genes involved in iron uptake and transfer in bread wheat cultivars under iron deficiency conditions.

Keywords

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 16 March 2024
  • Revise Date: 09 July 2024
  • Accept Date: 12 July 2024

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