Impact of Nano Poultry Bone Char on Phosphorus Dynamics and Mineral Forms in Calcareous Soil

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Soil and Water Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran

10.30466/asr.2026.56941.1923

Abstract

Low phosphorus availability in calcareous soils of arid and semi-arid regions is a major challenge for plant nutrition and crop productivity. Organic amendments, such as poultry bone char, can be an effective strategy to enhance phosphorus availability in these soils. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of nano bone char on phosphorus release and the distribution of different mineral phosphorus forms in calcareous soil. An incubation experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments: control, poultry bone char at 200 and 400 mg P kg-1 soil, and nano poultry bone char at 200 and 400 mg P kg-1 soil, for 60 days at 25 ± 2°C. At the end of the incubation period, mineral phosphorus forms and phosphorus release kinetics from 1 to 72 hours were measured and fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models. The results indicated that nano poultry bone char at 400 mg kg-1 increased dicalcium phosphate and octacalcium phosphate by 3.02 and 3.10-fold, respectively, compared to the control. Poultry bone char at 400 mg kg-1 increased the apatite form by 67.45% relative to the control. Based on the kinetic model fitting, the pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit, with the highest R² and the lowest standard error. The highest and lowest qe values in the pseudo-second-order model occurred with nano poultry bone char at 400 mg kg-1 and the control, respectively. Overall, the results showed that the application of bone char, especially nano poultry bone char, in phosphorus-deficient soils increased soil phosphorus availability. Therefore, the application of nano poultry bone char as an organic amendment is recommended to optimize phosphorus release and improve phosphorus availability in calcareous soils.

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Main Subjects

References

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Applied Soil Research
Volume 14, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2026
Pages 1-16

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History

  • Receive Date: 06 November 2025
  • Revise Date: 17 February 2026
  • Accept Date: 25 December 2025

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