نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی

2 دانشگاه اردکان

3 دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

شاخص فرسایش‌پذیری خاک یکی از پارامترهای تعیین کننده در برآورد میزان فرسایش آبی می‌باشد. بنابراین اطلاع از تغییرپذیری مکانی این پارامتر کمک بسزایی در مدل‌سازی فرسایش آبی در منطقه دارد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تغییرات مکانی شاخص فرسایش‌‌پذیری خاک (K) با ‌استفاده ‌از تکنیک نقشه‌برداری ‌رقومی خاک در منطقه کانی سیف بانه، استان کردستان می‌باشد. در‌ تحقیق حاضر بر اساس تکنیک هایپرکیوب محل ۲۱۷ نمونه در منطقه مورد مطالعه به وسعت ۴۰۰۰ هکتار انتخاب گردید و سپس نمونه‌های خاک ‌از عمق‌30-0 سانتی‌متری برداشت ‌شدند ‌و مقادیر‌ درصد ‌آهک، شن، سیلت، رس، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و ماده ‌آلی در ‌آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری شدند. در ابتدا با استفاده از نرم‌افزار RETC نفوذپذیری خاک تخمین زده شد و سپس، ‌از ‌طریق معادله‌ واعظی ‌(2008)،‌‌ مقدار K محاسبه ‌گردید. سپس با ‌استفاده ‌از مدل‌های خاک- سرزمین (SOLIM) و شبکه‌ عصبی مصنوعی، ‌ارتباط بین‌ داده‌های فرسایش-پذیری خاک و متغیرهای کمکی مستخرج از مدل رقومی ارتفاع و تصویر ماهواره لندست بدست آمد. ‌نتایج نشان داد که مدل خاک- سرزمین (ضریب تبیین ‌و ‌‌ریشه ‌مربعات خطای ‌72/0 و ‌00013/0) ‌دارای کارایی بالاتری نسبت به شبکه عصبی مصنوعی (ضریب تبیین ‌و ‌‌ریشه ‌مربعات خطای 67/0 و ‌00015/0) در پیش‌‌بینی شاخص فرسایش‌پذیری خاک‌ می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که‌ با ‌استفاده‌ از داده‌های نقطه‌ای ‌می‌توان‌ برآورد ‌نسبتاً‌ دقیقی‌ از ‌میزان ‌شاخص‌‌‌‌ فرسایش‌‌پذیری ‌خاک به صورت پیوسته ‌‌داشت. در نهایت با استفاده ‌از مدل SOLIM‌ اقدام ‌به پهنه‌بندی رقومی فرسایش‌‌‌پذیری خاک ‌در منطقه‌‌ مورد‌ مطالعه گردید. نقشه نهایی شاخص فرسایش‌پذیری خاک منطقه مورد ‌مطالعه برحسب تن در هکتار بر مگا‌ژول ‌در میلی‌متر با استفاده ‌از ‌‌مدل سولیم به ‌دست ‌آمد، ‌که مقادیر آن بین t.ha/Mj.mm 0095/0-0094/0 متغیر می‌باشند. ‌لذا پیشنهاد ‌می‌گردد در مطالعات‌‌ آینده جهت برآورد مکانی‌ شاخص‌ فرسایش پذیری خاک از سایر مدل‌های نقشه‌‌برداری رقومی‌ استفاده ‌‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Variability prediction of soil erodibility index using digital soil mapping technique in Baneh city Kanisef region

چکیده [English]

Soil erodibility (K) index is one of vital parameters in water erosion prediction. Therefore knowledge about spatial variability of this parameter (K) could efficacy help to model water erosion in area of interest. Our purpose is to predict spatial variability of soil erodibility index using digital soil mapping technique in Baneh region (Kanisef area), Kurdistan Province. In this study, based on hypercube sampling methods, 217 soil sampling sites were selected in area of 4000-ha and then samples collected from depth 0-30 cm and some soil analysis (i.e. calcium carbonates, clay, silt, sand, surface special weight and soil organic carbon) in the laboratory measured. Using RETC software soil infiltration values were obtained and then K factor calculated according to Vaezi equation (2008). The relationship between K factor and ancillary data covariates (derived from DEM and Landsat image) was obtained by land-soil models (Solim) and artificial neural network. Result showed that Solim model (R2 and RMSE 0/72 and 0/00013, respectively) have higher performance than artificial neural network (R2 and RMSE 0/67 and 0/00015, respectively) for soil erodibility index prediction. Our result also showed it is possible to map soil erodibility index continuously with reasonable accuracy. Finally digital map of K factor was prepared using Soilm model in the study area. The digital map of K factor obtained by Solim indicated ranging of soil erodibility from 0.0094 to 0.0095 ton.ha/Mj.mm. We recommend prediction of spatial variation of K factor by the other digital soil mapping techniques.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hypercube sampling
  • Artificial neural network (ANN)
  • Land-soil model (SOLIM)
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