نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد

3 بیولوژی خاک- دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

4 هیئت علمی

5 شیمی و حاصلخیزی

چکیده

موفقیت تکنیک گیاه­پالایی نه تنها به گیاه، بلکه تا حد زیادی به اثرات متقابل ریشه­ها­ی گیاه با ریزجانداران ریزوسفری وابسته است. این ریزجانداران به ویژه باکتری­های دارای صفات محرک رشد گیاهی می‌توانند با افزایش میزان جذب فلزات سنگین و کمک به استقرار بهتر گیاه، افزایش رشد سیستم ریشه­ای و در نتیجه افزایش رشد گیاه باعث بهبود کارایی گیاهپالایی شوند. با توجه به نقش مهم جامعه میکروبی خاک در افزایش راندمان پایش خاک­های آلوده با استفاده از گیاهان، این پژوهش با هدف جداسازی، غربالگری، بررسی صفات محرک رشد گیاهی ریزجانداران مقاوم به کادمیوم و سرب و معرفی جدایه­های برتر انجام شد. بدین­منظور، نمونه­های خاک آلوده به کادمیوم و سرب از نقاط مختلف پالایشگاه نفت شهید تندگویان (واقع در پانزده کیلومتری جنوب شهر تهران) تهیه و پس از اندازه­گیری برخی از ویژگی­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی، ریزجانداران مقاوم به کادمیوم و سرب از آنها جداسازی گردید. در جدایه­های جداسازی شده، میزان مقاومت به کادمیوم و سرب تعیین و سپس توانایی جدایه­های برتر در تولید فیتوهورمون اکسین، ترشح متابولیت­های محدود کننده­ی رشد عوامل بیمارگر و همچنین حل­کنندگی تری­کلسیم فسفات مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در این پژوهش، 30 ریزجاندار از خاک­های آلوده­ جداسازی و پس از بررسی شکل ظاهری کلنی، رنگ و حاشیه آن و همچنین سرعت رشد، در نهایت 20 جدایه متفاوت انتخاب گردید. 70 درصد جدایه­های مورد مطالعه تا غلظت 8 میلی­مولار سرب و کادمیوم رشد خیلی خوبی را در محیط کشت نشان دادند. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی صفات محرک رشد گیاهی در 10 جدایه برتر از نظر مقاومت به سرب و کادمیوم نشان داد که کلیه این جدایه­ها توانایی تولید اکسین و حل­کنندگی فسفات­های معدنی نامحلول را داشتند. بیشترین  (20/10 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و کمترین (64/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) مقدار تولید اکسین به ترتیب مربوط به جدایه­های C4 و C2 بود. متوسط حل­کنندگی تری کلسیم فسفات توسط جدایه­ها 91/106 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بود. 80 درصد جدایه­ها توانایی یکسانی در تولید سیدروفور داشتند. بیشترین میزان تولید این متابولیت در جدایه C1 با نسبت هاله به کلنی 23/3 مشاهده گردید. از 10 جدایه­ی مورد مطالعه، سه جدایه­ی K2، K5 و C8 توانایی بالایی در تولید سیانید هیدروژن، آنزیم پروتئاز و سلولاز داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation, Screening and Evaluation of Plant Growth Stimulating Traits of Cd and Pb Resistant Microorganisms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Manizhe Eivazi Nei 2
  • Akbar Ghavidel 3
  • payman abbaszadeh dahaji 4
  • Esmaeil Goli Kalanpa 5

1 هیات علمی

2 MSc. Graduated

3 Faculty member

4 faculty member

5 faculty member

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Success of the phytoremediation technique depends not only on plant species, but also largely on the interactions of plant roots with the rhizosphere microorganisms. These microorganisms, especially bacteria with plant growth promoting traits, can improve efficiency of phytoremediation by helping to proper plant establishment, increasing root system growth and, consequently, increasing plant growth and enhancing heavy metal uptake. Considering the important role of soil microbial community in increasing the remediation of polluted soil with plants, this research was conducted with the aim of isolating, screening, investigating the traits of cadmium and lead-resistant bacteria and introducing superior isolates. Soil samples were taken from Cd and Pb contaminated soils of the Shahid Tondguyan oil refinery and after measuring some physical and chemical properties, heavy metals resistant microorganisms were isolated from them. Resistance to cadmium and lead was determined in the isolates, and then the ability of the superior isolates to produce phytohormones of auxin, secretion of growth inhibitor metabolites and solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphate were evaluated. In this study, thirty microorganisms were isolated from contaminated soils. After examining the appearance of the colony, its color and margin, as well as the growth rate, at the end, 20 different isolates were selected. 70% of the studied isolates showed a very good growth in culture medium up to a concentration of 8 mM l-1 of lead and cadmium. The results of evaluation of plant growth promoting traits in the top 10 isolates in terms of resistance to heavy metals of lead and cadmium showed that all of these isolates had the ability to produce auxins and dissolve insoluble inorganic phosphates. The highest (10.20 mg l-1) and the lowest (0.64 mg l-1) auxin production were observed for C4 and C2 isolates, respectively. The average solubility of tricalcium phosphate by isolates was 106.91 mg l-1. 80% of isolates had the same ability to produce siderophore. The highest rate of production of this metabolite was observed in the isolate C1 with a halo to colony ratio of 23.3. Among 10 studied isolates, three isolates, K2, K5 and C8, were able to produce hydrogen cyanide, protease and cellulase enzymes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metals
  • soil contamination
  • microorganisms
  • phytoremediation
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