نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران

2 علوم خاک، کشاورزی، فردوسی، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
آزمایش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر نانوهیدروکسی‌آپاتیت (nHAP) بر برخی شاخص‌های زیستی خاک و فراهمی کادمیم در یک خاک آهکی آلوده طراحی شد. این پژوهش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو سطح کادمیم (صفر و 40 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک)، دو سطح nHAP (صفر و 1 درصد وزنی خاک) و دو زمان انکوباسیون (14 و 28 روز) بودند. نمک کلرید کادمیم بصورت محلول در سطح خاک بطور یکنواخت پاشیده شد و یک ماه زمان تعادل به خاک داده شد، سپس nHAP در مقادیر صفر و یک درصد وزنی به خاک اضافه گردید. فعالیت آنزیم‌های اوره‌آز، دهیدروژناز و فسفاتاز قلیایی و همچنین تنفس پایه به همراه کادمیم زیست فراهم پس از 14 و 28 روز از اضافه شدن nHAP به خاک مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند. کادمیم زیست فراهم در این آزمایش با عصاره‌گیر DTPA استخراج شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد nHAP در خاک آلوده، کادمیم زیست فراهم را 3/2 درصد کاهش داد، فعالیت آنزیم‌ اوره‌آز را 98 درصد افزایش داد اما بر فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی، دهیدروژناز و تنفس پایه بی‌تاثیر بود. بررسی شاخص‌های زیستی در خاک آلوده در زمان‌های 14و 28 روز نشان داد که با گذشت زمان فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز روندی صعودی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های اوره‌آز و دهیدروژناز روندی نزولی داشت، اما فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز و میزان تنفس پایه تغییر معنی‌داری پیدا نکرد. همچنین در این مطالعه مشخص شد که گذشت زمان موجب کاهش 7/10 درصدی کادمیم زیست فراهم شد. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده می‌توان بیان داشت که nHAP  بر شاخص‌های زیستی خاک اثری متفاوت داشت اما بر کادمیم زیست فراهم اثر کاهشی داشت اگرچه مقدار آن قابل ملاحظه نبود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Nano-hydroxyapatite on Some Bioindicators in a Cadmium Contaminated Calcareous Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Farzanegan 1
  • alireza astaraei 2
  • amir fotovat 3
  • Amir Lakzian 3

1 Soil science, Agriculture, Ferdowsi university, Mashhad, Iran

2 Soil Science, Agriculture, Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran

3 Soil science, ferdowsi university of mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) on some soil bioindicators and availability of cadmium in a polluted calcareous soil. This research was carried out in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included two levels of Cd (0 and 40 mg kg-1 soil), two levels of nHAP (0 and 1%) and two incubation times (14 and 28 days). The cadmium chloride solution was uniformly sprayed on the soil surface and equilibrated for a month, then nHAP was added to the soil at 0 and 1 w/w %. The activity of urease, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, basal respiration and bioavilable Cd were measured after 14 and 28 days. Bioavilable Cd was extracted by DTPA. The results showed that the addition of nHAP in the Cd contaminated soil decreased bioavailable Cd by 2.3%, increased the activity of urease enzyme by 98% while had no effect on the activity of phosphatase, dehydrogenase and basal respiration. Investigation of changes of bioindicators in 14 and 28 days incubation in Cd contaminated soil showed that the activity of urease and dehydrogenase enzyme had a declining trend but the activity of phosphatase enzyme and basal respiration did not significantly change. It was also found that bioavailable Cd decreased with incubation time by 10.7%. In general, it may be concluded that nHAP influenced biological index in the calcareous soil differently, but it caused reduction effect on bioavailable cadmium in soil, although this reduction was not considerable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amendment
  • Enzymatic activity
  • Heavy metal
  • Nano particle
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