نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ارومیه

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه آزاد

4 گروه علوم خاک ارومیه

چکیده

چکیده
فسفر یکی از عناصر ضروری برای رشد گیاهان بوده و در اغلب خاک­ها رفتار پیچیده­ای داشته و با اجزاء خاک به صورت ترکیبات کم محلول تا نامحلول در می­آید. لذا تعیین شکل­های مختلف فسفر در خاک تحت تأثیر فعالیت ریزجانداران حل­کننده­ی فسفر در ارزیابی وضعیت فسفر خاک مهم است. به­منظور بررسی اثرات ریزجانداران حل کننده فسفر بر توزیع شکل­های فسفر در یک خاک آهکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل تلقیح میکروبی (سویه­های قارچی و شاهد بدون تلقیح میکروبی) و زمان انکوباسیون (صفر، هفت، 21 و 45 روز) بودند. نمونه­های خاک به­مدت 45 روز در انکوباتور در دمای ثابت 28 درجه سلیسیوس قرار داده­شدند، و سپس شکل­های مختلف فسفر معدنی، فسفر آلی و فسفر قابل استفاده به روش عصاره­گیری دنباله­ای تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد تلقیح قارچی باعث تغییرات معنی­داری در میزان فسفر قابل استفاده، فسفر آلی و فسفر معدنی شدند. مقدار فسفر قابل دسترس، فسفر آلی، دی کلسیم فسفات (Ca2-P) و آپاتیت (Ca10-P) در تیمار تلقیح قارچی به ترتیب 53/1، 39/1، 05/ 4 و 07/1 برابر در پایان انکوباسیون در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش نشان دادند. با این حال اکتا کلسیم فسفات (Ca8-P) و آلومینیوم فسفات (Al-P) در تیمار قارچ به ترتیب با 76/23 و 95/35 درصد کاهش همراه بود. در پایان انکوباسیون توزیع شکل­های فسفر در تیمار شاهد  به صورت Ca10-P > O-P > Ca8-P > Ca2-P> Olsen-P > Al-P بود. در تیمار قارچی، همبستگی منفی معنی­داری) **81/0-=r) بین فسفر (Olsen-P) وO-P, Ca10-P) ) و همبستگی مثبت معنی­داری  (**83/0 = r) با (Ca2-P، Fe-P و Al-P) مشاهده ­شد. به طور کلی در خاک­های آهکی استفاده از قارچ­های حل کننده فسفر اطلاعات مفیدی را برای ارزیابی وضعیت فسفر و نیز حاصلخیزی خاک و تغذیه گیاه در اختیار می گذارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Distribution of Phosphorus Forms in Calcareous Soils Inoculated with Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi

نویسندگان [English]

  • MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani 1
  • Roghayeh Vahedi 2
  • Majid Mashayekhi 3
  • mohsen barin 4

1 Dept of Soil Sci. Urmia Uni

2 Dept of Soil Science, Urmia Uni

3 Dept of Soil Science, Azad Uni

4 Dept of Soil Sci, Urmia Uni

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of nutrient elements for plant growth. In most soils P has complex behavior and forms sparingly soluble and insoluble compounds with soil particles. Determination of forms of soil phosphorus influenced the activity of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) is important in the evaluation of soil phosphorus status. To evaluate the effects of PSM on P fractions distribution in a calcareous soil, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on completely randomized design. The factors were including incubation time (0, 7, 21, 45 days) and microorganisms (Fungal strains including: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Penicellium sp. and control (without microbial inoculation)). Soil samples were incubated at 28 ° C for a period of 45 days. Then, different forms of inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus and Olsen phosphorus were determined by sequential extraction method. The results showed that the fungal inoculation caused significant changes in the amount of phosphorus, organic phosphorus and mineral phosphorus. At the end of incubation, amount of available phosphorus, organic phosphorus, mineral forms (Ca2-P) and (Ca10-P) in fungal inoculation compared to control treatment increased 1.53, 1.39, 4.05 and 1.07 times, respectively. However, the (Ca8-P) and (Al-P) forms in the treatment of fungi were reduced 23.76 and 35.95%, respectively. The amount of phosphorus in different forms and treatment control to a Ca10-P> OP> Ca8-P> Olsen-P>Al-P> Ca2-P respectively.The fungal treatment was observed, a negative correlation (r= -0.81**)between phosphorus Olsen-P and Organic-P (O-P), Ca10-P and significant positive correlation (r=0.83**)with Ca2-P، Fe-P and Al-P. In general, using phosphate-solubilizing fungi in calcareous soils provides useful information for evaluation of phosphorous status in soil and understanding of soil fertility that influence plant nutrition

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Available P
  • Calcium phosphate
  • Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms
  • Organic P
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