نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر مالچ کاه و کلش بر روی توزیع رطوبت در نیمرخ خاک و شبیه­سازی جریان آب در خاک تحت تأثیر آب زیر­زمینی و شور، با استفاده از نرم­افزار HYDRUS-1D انجام شد. بدین منظور، آزمایش لایسی­متری در دو خاک با بافت­های شنی و لوم با سه سطح مختلف شوری آب زیرزمینی شامل 5، 10 و 15 دسی­زیمنس بر متر، با و بدون پوشش مالچ و در سه تکرار، در بازه زمانی 3 ماهه انجام شد. مقدار رطوبت به­وسیله دستگاه TDR در عمق­های 5، 10، 20، 30 و 50 سانتی­متر اندازه­گیری و همچنین مقدار تبخیر با استفاده از سیستم بطری ماریوت، به‌صورت روزانه محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که پوشش مالچ، به ترتیب منجر به نگهداشت 15 و 20 درصدی رطوبت در لایه سطحی و کاهش تبخیر 27 و 8 درصدی به ترتیب در خاک لوم و شنی شد. در این مطالعه، بین داده­های رطوبت اندازه­گیری و شبیه‌سازی‌شده با نرم‌افزار HYDRUS-1D، همبستگی 97/0-89/0 برای خاک لوم و همبستگی 96/0-90/0 برای خاک شنی به­دست آمد. علاوه بر این، مدل HYDRUS-1D، مقدار رطوبت را با میانگین جذر مربعات خطا (RMSE) cm-3 cm3 0489/0- 0121/0و cm3 cm-30521/0- 0129/0 به­ترتیب برای خاک لوم و خاک شنی  شبیه­سازی نمود. مقایسه نتایج شبیه­سازی با اندازه­گیری­های به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد که رطوبت شبیه‌سازی‌شده در لایه­های نزدیک به سطح ایستابی، در همه تیمار­ها  بیش از مقدار اندازه­گیری برآورد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Numerical simulation of moisture distribution in different soils affected by mulch and shallow saline groundwater

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ashkan yusefi 1
  • ahmad farrokhian firouzi 2
  • Milad Aminzadeh 3

1 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 shahid chamran university of Ahvaz

3 Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of straw mulch on water content distribution in a soil profile and simulating water flow in soil under shallow saline groundwater using HYDRUS-1D. Lysimetric experiments were conducted in two soil textures (sand and loam) at three water table salinity levels of 5, 10 and 15 dS m-1 mulch and no mulch with three replications in a three-month interval. Soil moisture content was continuously monitored in the depths of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 cm. Evaporation was also measured using Marriott bottle technique on a daily basis. The results showed that mulch cover retained soil moisture by 16 % and 20 %, and reduced evaporation by 27 % and 8% in surface layer of loamy and sandy soil, respectively. Our findings highlighted a strong correlation between measured and simulated soil moisture data using HYDRUS-1D with R2 ranging from 0.89 to 0.97 and 0.90 to 0.96 in sand and loamy soils, respectively. The numerical model estimated soil moisture with RMSE of 0.0121- 0.0489 cm3 cm-3 for loamy and 0.0129-0.0521 cm3 cm-3 for sand. The simulation results revealed that HYDRUS-1D overestimates moisture content of layers close to water table.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater table
  • Soil profile
  • Moisture
  • Mulch
  • HYDRUS-1D
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