تحقیقات کاربردی خاک

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اخبار و اعلانات

پاسخ‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی نهال‌های دو رقم زیتون به تنش شوری ناشی از کلرور سدیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گیاهان دارویی

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

4 استاد، گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگا ارومیه

چکیده

شوری یکی از تنش­های مهم محیطی است که رشد و تولید محصول را در ایران محدود ساخته است. زیتون (Olea europea L.) یکی از مهم­ترین و گسترده­ترین درختان میوه در ناحیه مدیترانه می­باشد. در سال­های اخیر، سطح باغ­های زیتون در ایران گسترش قابل توجهی یافته است. به­علاوه، اغلب ارقام مورد استفاده در این باغ­ها ارقام خارجی می­باشند که اطلاعات کمی در مورد رفتار آن­ها در شرایط ایران و به­ویژه تحمل آن­ها در برابر شوری وجود دارد. از این رو، به­منظور مطالعه اثرات شوری کلرور سدیم بر برخی ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی نهال­های یک ساله دو رقم زیتون، یکی رقم میشن (یک رقم خارجی) و دیگری رقم ماری (یکی از مهم­ترین ارقام ایرانی)، یک آزمایش گلدانی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی و با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای شوری به­وسیله آبیاری با آب حاوی غلظت­های صفر، 25، 50، 100 و 200 میلی­مولار نمک کلرور سدیم اعمال گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که شوری کلرور سدیم اثر معنی­داری بر صفات مورد ارزیابی دارد. با افزایش غلظت نمک در آب آبیاری، ویژگی­های رشدی (ارتفاع نهال، تعداد و سطح برگ­ها، تعداد و طول شاخه­های جانبی، قطر ساقه، وزن تر و خشک برگ و ساقه و وزن خشک ریشه)، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، میزان کلروفیل و غلظت پتاسیم برگ کاهش یافت، در حالی­که میزان انباشت پرولین و قندهای محلول کل و غلظت سدیم و کلر در برگ­ها افزایش نشان داد. در مجموع، یافته­های این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم میشن به­واسطه­ی داشتن مقادیر پتاسیم، میزان کلروفیل و RWC بیشتر، انباشت بیشتر پرولین و قندهای محلول و تجمع کمتر یون­های سدیم و کلر در برگ­ها، از میزان مقاومت بیشتری نسبت به رقم ماری در برابر شوری برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Two Olive (Olea europea L.) Cultivars Saplings to NaCl Salinity Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Hassani 1
  • Habib Shirzad 2
  • Rasoul Jalili Marandi 3
  • Abbas Samadi 4

1

2 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran

3 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran

4 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran

چکیده [English]

Salinity is a major environmental stress that limits plant growth and productivity in Iran. Olive (Olea europea L.) is one of the most valuable and widespread fruit trees in the Mediterranean area. In the last years, the surface of olive orchards has increased considerably in Iran. Furthermore, cultivars used in these orchards are often foreign and little is known about their behavior under Iran climate conditions, especially about their tolerance to salinity. Hence, in order to study the effects of NaCl salinity on some morphological and physiological properties of one-year-old rooted cuttings of two olive cultivars (Mission (a foreign cultivar) and Mary (one of the most important Iranian cultivars)), a pot experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Saline treatments were imposed by irrigation with water containing 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM of NaCl. The results showed that NaCl salinity has significant effects on the parameters. The plants grow parameters (plant height, number and area of leaves, number and length of axillary shoots, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaves and stems, dry weight of root) were decreased by increasing of NaCl concentration in irrigation water. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and leaf potassium concentration were decreased as well. However, converse effect was found in proline, total soluble sugars (TSS), and concentration of Na and Cl in leaves. Overall, the findings of this study showed that cv. Mission because of higher potassium concentration, chlorophyll content and RWC, higher accumulation of proline and TSS and lower concentration of Na and Cl in leaves was more resistant to salinity than cv. Mary.
 
Keywords: Growth parameters, Olive (Olea europea), Proline, Relative water content, Salinity 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth parameters
  • Olive (Olea europea)
  • Proline
  • Relative water content
  • Salinity stress
مراجع
Aparicio C., Urrestarazu M., and Cordovilla M.P. 2014. Comparative physiological analysis of salinity effects in six olive ggenotypes. HortScience, 49(7): 901–904.
Ashraf M. 2004. Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora, 199: 361-376.
Ashraf M., and McNeilly T. 2004. Salinity tolerance in Brassica oilseeds. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 23: 157-174.
Ashraf M., and Foolad M.R. 2007. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59: 207- 216.
Ashraf M., Athar H.R., Harris P.J.C., and Kwon T.R. 2008. Some prospective strategies for improving crop salt tolerance. Advances in Agronomy, 97: 45-110.
Bajji M., Lutts S., and Kinet J.M. 2001. Water deficit effects on solute contribution to osmotic adjustment as a function of leaf ageing in three durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars performing differently in arid conditions. Plant Science, 160(4): 669-681.
Ben Ahmed C., Ben Rouina B., and Boukhris M. 2008. Changes in water relations, photosynthetic activity and proline accumulation in one-year-old olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) in response to NaCl salinity. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30: 553-560.
Bongi G., and Loreto F. 1989. Gas-exchange properties of salt stressed olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves. Plant Physiology, 90:1408-16.
Chartzoulakis K.S. 2005. Salinity and olive: Growth, salt tolerance, photosynthesis and yield. Agricultural Water Management, 78: 108-121.
Chartzoulakis K., Loupassaki M., Bertaki M., and Androulakis I. 2002. Effects of NaCl salinity on growth, ion content and CO2 assimilation rate of six olive cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 96: 235-247.
Emami A. 1996. Plant Analysis Methods. No. 982. Vol. 1. Soil and Water Research Institute Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
Evelin H., Kapoor R., and Giri B. 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review. Annals of Botany, 104(7): 1263-1280.
Grattan S.R., and Grieve C.M.  1999. Salinity mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 78: 127-157.
Gucci R., and Tattini M. 1997. Salinity tolerance in olive. Horticultural Reviews, 21: 177–214.
Heidari Sharif Abad H. 2011. Plants and salinity. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications, Tehran, 199 p. (In Persian)
Iqbal N., Umar S., Khan N.A., and Kha M.I.R. 2014. A new perspective of phytohormones in salinity tolerance: Regulation of proline metabolism. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 100: 34-42.
Irigoyen J.J., Emerich D.W., and Sanchez-Diaz M. 1992. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 84(1): 55-60.
Javadi T., and Bahram Nezhad B. 2011. Effect of water stress on growth and some biochemical traits of three pear genotypes from Kurdistan province. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 41(4): 327-335. (In Persian)
Johnson J.M., and Ulrich A. 1975. Analytical methods for use in plant analysis. Bulletin 766. Berkeley: University of California, Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 26-78.
Kchaou H., Larbi A., Gargouri K., Chaieb Morales F., and Msallem M. 2010. Assessment of tolerance to NaCl salinity of five olive cultivars based on growth characteristics and Na+ and Cl- exclusion mechanisms. Scientia Horticulturae,124: 306-315. 
Khoshzaman T., Golchin A., Taheri M., Zarehaghi D., and Azimi M. 2018. Changes in water relations and photosynthetic indices of olive self-rooted cuttings of Zard cv. in response to irrigation water salinity and soil compaction. Water and Soil Science, 28(2): 163-175. (In Persian)  
Megdiche W., Hessini K., Gharbi F., Jaleel C.A. Ksouri R., and Abdelly C. 2008. Photosynthesis and photosystem-efficiency of two salt adapted halophytic seashore Cakile maritime ecotypes. Photosynthetica, 46: 410–419.
Misra N., and Saxena P. 2009. Effect of salicylic acid on proline metabolism in lentil grown under salinity stress. Plant Science, 177(3): 181-189.
Munns R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environment, 25: 239-250.
Nouri Roudsari O. 2012. Evaluation of olive (Olea europea L.) adaptability on the sloping lands of Tarom region province using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS). Ph. D Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, 123 p. (In Persian)
Olyaei F., Baninasab B., and Ghobadi C. 2016. Effect of salinity on growth and physiological parameters of four Olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Horticulture Science, 30(1): 1-10. (In Persian)
Paquin R. and Lechasseur P. 1979. Observationssur une methode de dosage de la proline libre les extraits de plantes. Canadian Journal of Botany, 57: 1851-1854.
Parida A.K., Das A.B., and Mittra B. 2004. Effects of salt on growth, ion accumulation, photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of the mangrove. Trees, 18(2): 167-174.
Parvaiz A., and Satyawati S. 2008. Salt stress and phyto-biochemical responses of plants. A review. Plant Soil and Environment, 54(3): 89-99.
Perica S., Brkljaca M., Goreta S., and Romic M. 2004. Vegetative growth and salt accumulation of six olive cultivars under salt stress. Acta Horticulturae, 664: 555-560.
Pouri N., Seifi S., and Alizadeh M. 2017. The effect of salt stress and proline on some morphological, physical and phytochemical traits of leaf in three olive cultivars. Eco-Phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 5(2): 69-84. (In Persian)
Rahemi M., Karimi S., Sedaghat S., and Ali Rostami A. 2017. Physiological responses of olive cultivars to salinity stress. Advances in Horticultural Science, 31(1): 53-59.
Seilsepour M., Golchin A., and Roozban M.R. 2016. Evaluation of salt tolerance in two olive rootstocks based on growth characteristics and regression analysis to salinity. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 6(2): 83-100. (In Persian)
Sultana N., Ikeda T., and Itoh R. 1999. Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in developing rice grains. Environmental and Experimental Biology, 42: 211-220.
Tattini M. 1994. Ionic relations of aeroponically-grown olive plants during salt stress. Plant and Soil, 161: 251-256.
Tattini M., Melgar J.C., and Traversi M.L. 2008. Responses of Olea europaea to high salinity: a brief ecophysiological-review. Advances in Horticultural Science, 22(3): 159-173.
Tester M., and Davenport R. 2003. Na+ tolerance and Na+ transport in higher plants. Annals of Botany, 91: 503-527.
Turner N.C. 1981. Techniques and experimental approaches for the measurement of plant water status. Plant and Soil, 58: 339-366.
Volkmar K.M., Hu Y., and Steppuhn H. 1998. Physiological response of plants to salinity: A review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 78(1): 19-27.
Yasar F., Ellialtioglu S., and Yildiz K. 2008. Effect of salt stress on antioxidant defense systems, lipid peroxidation, and chlorophyll content in green bean. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 55(6): 869-873.
Zhu J.K. 2001. Plant salt tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 6(2): 66-71.
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 9، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 88-101
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 اسفند 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 خرداد 1400
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار