نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم ومهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه شیمی،دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران ، اهواز ،ایران

چکیده

در سال­های اخیر استفاده از زغال ‌زیستی اصلاح شده در حذف آلاینده­های آلی و معدنی، به‌سازی خاک و تولید کودهای کندرها بر پایه زغال ‌زیستی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر روش­های مختلف اصلاح زغال ‌زیستی بر ویژگی­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی زغال‌‌های زیستی نی و بقایای ذرت انجام شد. بدین­منظور، زغال‌‌های زیستی نی و بقایای ذرت تهیه شده در دمای 500 درجه سلسیوس به­ روش­های شیمیایی (شامل اصلاح با کلرید آهن، کلرید منیزیم و کلرید کلسیم) و سطحی (شامل استفاده از اسید سولفوریک، اسید کلریدریک، پتاسیم هیدروکسید و سدیم هیدروکسید) اصلاح شد. سپس ویژگی­های آن­ها شامل عملکرد، آنالیز تقریبی، اسیدیته (pH)، هدایت الکتریکی (EC)، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی (CEC)، ظرفیت تبادل آنیونی (AEC) و سطح ویژه (SSA) اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین مقدار سطح ویژه، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی و ظرفیت تبادل آنیونی مربوط به تیمارهای زغال ‌زیستی نی اصلاح شده با آهن (به ­ترتیب 94/217 مترمربع بر گرم، 43/111 و 13/22 سانتی­مول بار بر کیلوگرم) و زغال ‌زیستی ذرت اصلاح شده با منیزیم (به­ترتیب، 83/210 مترمربع بر گرم، 40/137 و 93/16 سانتی­مول بار بر کیلوگرم) بود. محتوای کربن و نسبت C/N در نمونه­های تیمار شده با اسید، باز و نمک فلزات نسبت به نمونه­های اولیه کاهش یافت. محتوای اکسیژن، نسبت O/C و H/C در تمامی تیمارها در اثر اصلاح شیمیایی و سطحی کاهش یافت. به­طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد استفاده از روش­های مختلف اصلاح زغال ‌زیستی می­تواند در بهینه­سازی ویژگی­های آن، با توجه به هدف از کاربرد آن، بسیار موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effect of Various Surface and Chemical Modification Approaches on Corn Residue and Common Reed Derived-biochar Traits

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shila Khajavi-Shojaei 1
  • Abdolamir Moezzi 1
  • Mojtaba Norouzi masir 1
  • Mehdi Taghavi 2

1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Department of chemistry, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In recent years, modified biochar application has been receiving attention in removal of organic and inorganic contaminants, soil amelioration and production of biochar based slow release fertilizers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various modification approaches on physical and chemical traits of corn residue and common reed derived-biochar. For this purpose, chemical modification methods (using iron- magnesium- and calcium- chloride) and surface modification (using sulfuric- and hydrochloric- acid, potassium- and sodium- hydroxide) were used to modify common reed and corn residues derived biochars in a completely randomized design. Then, the characteristics of modified biochars including yield, approximate analysis, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), anionic exchange capacity (AEC) and specific surface area (SSA) were measured. The results showed that the highest specific surface area, cation exchange capacity and anion exchange capacity were observed in iron modified common reed biochar (217.94 m2 g-1, 111.43 cmolc kg-1 and 22.13 cmolc kg-1, respectively) and magnesium corn residue biochar (respectively, 210.83 m2 g-1, 137.40 cmolc kg-1 and 16.93 cmolc kg-1, respectively). Carbon content and C/N ratio decreased in the samples treated with acid, base and metal salts compared to the initial samples. Oxygen content, O/C and H/C ratios showed a decrease in in all treatments after chemical and surface modification. While the content of hydrogen and nitrogen in the acids and metal salts modified biochars were increased and decreased in the base modified treatments. In general, using various modification methods can play a very important role in optimizing biochar properties, according to the aim of its application in soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anion exchange capacity
  • Biochar feedstock
  • Chemical modification
  • Surface area
  • Surface modification
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