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تأثیر استفاده از سیلیسیم بر برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان (Helianthus.annus L.) تحت سطوح مختلف رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشگاه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 دکتری تخصصی زراعت، ایستگاه تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گناباد، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی ،

3 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

آب قابل‌دسترسی، عامل اصلی محدودکننده رشد و تولید محصول در مناطق خشک است. در این راستا به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد سیلیسیم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان تحت سطوح مختلف رطوبتی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهر گناباد انجام شد. عامل اصلی آبیاری با سطوح مختلف رطوبتی بر اساس نیاز آبی شامل چهار سطح (سطح رطوبتی 100 درصد نیاز آبی، سطح رطوبتی 80 درصد نیاز آبی، سطح رطوبتی 60 درصد نیاز آبی و سطح رطوبتی 40 درصد نیاز آبی) و عامل فرعی زمان مصرف سیلیسیم در چهار سطح (بدون کاربرد (شاهد)، کاربرد در مرحله رویشی، کاربرد در مرحله زایشی، کاربرد در مرحله رویشی و زایشی) بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که کاهش سطح رطوبتی از 100 درصد به 40 درصد نیاز آبی موجب کاهش قطر طبق، وزن خشک طبق، شاخص کلروفیل، محتوی نسبی رطوبت، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، درصد و عملکرد روغن شد؛ به­طوری­که کمترین مقدار عملکرد دانه (8/1730 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (21/10458 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار سطح رطوبتی40 درصد نیاز آبی به دست آمد. هم‌چنین کاربرد سیلیسیم تحت سطوح کم آبیاری بر اساس نیاز آبی باعث بهبود اثرات کاهش سطوح رطوبتی در صفات مورد بررسی شد. بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه (96/7572 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار سطح رطوبتی 80 درصد نیاز آبی و کاربرد سیلیسیوم در مرحله رویشی و زایشی به دست آمد و کمترین مقدار آن (54/1193 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار سطح رطوبتی 40 درصد نیاز آبی و بدون کاربرد سیلیسیوم ثبت گردید. هم‌چنین کاربرد سیلیسیوم در مرحله رویشی و زایشی نسبت به تیمار عدم کاربرد (شاهد) به ترتیب باعث افزایش 5/2، 5/1 و 5/2 برابری عملکرد روغن در سطوح مختلف آبیاری شامل 80، 60 و 40 درصد نیاز آبی شد. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد استفاده از سیلیسیم در مرحله رویشی و زایشی در سطح رطوبتی 80 درصد نیاز آبی باعث جبران اثرات سوء کاهش سطح رطوبتی در صفات مورد بررسی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Silicon Application on Some Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Yield Components of Sunflower (Helianthus.annus L.) under Different Moisture Levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholamreza Zamani 1
  • zohreh nabipour 2
  • yadollah gheisari 3

1 2. Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand , birjand. iran

2 Ph.D of Agriculture, Gonabad Agricultural and Natural Resource and Education station, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, AREEO. Gonabad. Iran.

3 PhD student, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Available water is the main limiting factor in crop growth and production in arid lands. In order to investigate the effect of silicon application on yield and yield components of sunflower under different moisture levels, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gonabad. The main factor of irrigation with different moisture levels based on water requirement includes 100% water requirement, 80% water requirement, 60% water requirement and 40% water requirement, and the secondary factor of silicon consumption time in four levels No application (control), application in vegetative stage, application in reproductive stage, application in both vegetative and reproductive stage. The experimental results showed that reducing the moisture level from 100% to 40% water requirement reduced head diameter, head dry weight, chlorophyll index, relative water content, number of seed per head, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil percentage, oil yield and seed yield; So that the lowest amount of seed yield (1730.8 kg / ha) and biological yield (10458.21 kg / ha) were obtained in the treatment of moisture level of 40% water requirement. Also, the application of silicon under low irrigation levels based on water requirement improved the effects of reducing moisture levels in all evaluated traits and seed yield. The highest seed yield (7572.96 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 80% water requirement and application silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages and the lowest seed yield (1193.54 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 40% water requirement and without the use of silicon. The application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages compared to the control treatment increased 2.5, 1.5 and 2.5 times the oil yield at different levels of irrigation, including 80, 60 and 40% water requirement. In general, the results showed that the use of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages at a moisture level 80% the water requirement compensated for the adverse effects of reducing the moisture level in the studied traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Number of seeds per head
  • Seed yield
  • Oil yield
  • Head diameter
  • 1000-seed weight
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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 9، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 57-72
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 مرداد 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 آذر 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 شهریور 1399
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