نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بیولوژی علوم خاک دانشگاه مراغه

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه'

4 بخش تحقیقات غلات، موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

تریپتوفان به عنوان پیش ماده ساخت اکسین توسط باکتری­های ریزوسفری بوده و اغلب از طریق هیدرولیز پروتئین­های موادآلی در خاک تأمین می­گردد. از اینرو به دلیل فقر ماده آلی در خاک­های کشور به ویژه در شرایط دیم می­تواند به عنوان یک عامل محدود کننده در این زمینه مطرح گردد. به این منظور آزمایشی گلخانه­ای در شرایط هیدروپونیک با افزودن تریپتوفان و مایه زنی بذور گندم با باکتری16  B. simplex جهت بررسی اثر آنها انجام شد. نتایج نشان دادند که 1/41 و 9/20 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اکسین میکروبی در غلظت 5 میلی­مولار تریپتوفان به ترتیب در محیط کشتهایLB  و تهیه شده از ترشحات ریشه توسط باکتری تولید می­گردد. مایه­زنی باکتریایی بذور گندم، افزودن 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر تریپتوفان و افزودن تریپتوفان در این غلظت به همراه مایه زنی باکتریایی به ترتیب باعث افزایش 9 درصدی، کاهش 16 درصدی و کاهش 20 درصدی عملکرد ماده خشک اندام هوایی گندم در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید. در ارتباط با ویژگی­های ریشه، در اثر کاربرد تریپتوفان هم در شرایط مایه­زنی باکتریایی و هم در شرایط بدون مایه زنی، چگالی ریشه 60 درصد کاهش ولی حجم تازه آن 70 درصد افزایش یافت. مطالعات میکروسکوپی و تصاویر کل ریشه نشان دادند که هم باکتری و هم تیمارهای تریپتوفان باعث ایجاد تغییرات مرفولوژیکی بویژه در پرپشتی تارهای کشنده در ریشه گردیدند. بر طبق نتایج این مطالعه کاربرد تریپتوفان با غلظت 100 میلی­گرم در لیتر، علی رغم بهبود خصوصیات ریشه، به دلیل احتمالی ایجاد تنش اکسین و اختلالات رشدی گندم توصیه نمی­گردد و لازم است که تحقیقات مشابه در غلظت‌های پایین‌تر انجام گیرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Co-application of tryptophan amino acid and bacillus simplex as a plant growth promoting bacteria on bread wheat yield in greenhouse condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaei Karimi 1
  • zahra mohammadi 2
  • Ezatallah Esfandiari Esfandiari 3
  • Jafar Jafarzedeh 4

1 Soil Science Department, University of MAragheh

2 Soil Science Department, University of Maragheh

3 agronomy department, faculty of agriculture, university of Margheh.

4 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Maragheh, Iran

چکیده [English]

L-tryptophan is a precursor of auxin synthesis by PGPRs. In soil, this precursor derived from hydrolysis of soil organic matter protein. Lack of sufficient soil organic matter especially in rained condition could be limiting factor in this topic. For this purpose, an experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of tryptophan in the presence and absence of growth promoting bacteria on wheat growth. The results showed that in LB and root exudate mediums auxin was produced respectively 41.1 and 20.9 mg.L-1 by B. simplex 16 just when tryptophan added at 5 mM concentration. Bacterial inoculation of wheat seeds, addition of 100 mg.L-1 tryptophan and co-application of tryptophan and bacterial inoculation treatments respectively increased 9%, decreased 16% and decreased 20% the dry matter yield of wheat shoots compared to the control. Due to the use of tryptophan in both bacterial and non-bacterial inoculation conditions, root tissue density decreased 60% but root volume increased 70%. Microscopic studies and whole root images showed that both bacteria and tryptophan treatments caused morphological changes, especially in the hair roots section. According to the results of this study, the use of tryptophan at a concentration of 100 mg.L-1 is not recommended to increase wheat growth due to the potential for auxin stress and developmental disorders.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydroponic culture
  • root exudate
  • microbial auxin
  • root volume
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