نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو

2 استاد گروه علوم خاک

3 استادیار گروه زراعت

4 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک

چکیده

زعفران(Crocus sativus L.) یکی از گیاهان بومی و محصول استراتژیک در ایران است که افزایش عملکرد این محصول نیازمند استفاده از روش‌های مدرن به جای روش‌های سنتی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش، به منظور انتخاب بستر کشت مناسب برای تولید بنه زعفران در شرایط کشت بدون خاک، دو آزمایش گلخانه‌ای مجزا با استفاده از بستر‌های با اندازه‌های مختلف پرلیت و مخلوط پرلیت و پیت ماس انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش اول شامل پرلیت با انداره‌های خیلی ریز (کوچک‌تر از 5/0 میلی‌متر)، ریز (1 - 5/0 میلی‌متر )، متوسط (5/1 - 1 میلی‌متر)، درشت (2 - 5/1 میلی‌متر) و خیلی درشت (بزرگ‌تر از 2 میلی‌متر)، که به صورت 100 درصد حجمی و تیمار‌های آزمایش دوم شامل مخلوطی از 50 درصد پرلیت با هر یک از اندازه‌های ذکر شده به علاوه 50 درصد پیت ماس بودند. آزمایش‌ها در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طراحی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای اعمال شده تاثیر معنی‌داری بر پارامتر‌های گیاهی شامل طول گیاه، سطح برگ، وزن تر برگ، وزن خشک برگ، وزن تر بنه، وزن خشک بنه، قطر بنه دختری، تعداد بنه دختری، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئید دارند. براساس نتایج، بیشترین وزن بنه زعفران (89/17 گرم)، در بستر مخلوط متشکل از 50 درصد پرلیت (5/1-1) و 50 درصد پیت ماس به دست آمد. به طور کلی، می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد وقتی هدف افزایش عملکرد زعفران از طریق تولید بنه‌های درشت در سیستم هیدروپونیک باشد، استفاده از بستر پرلیت با اندازه (5/1-1) و اختلاط آن با نسبت حجمی 50 :50 با پیت ماس به عنوان بستر کشت بهینه معرفی می‌گردد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of perlite particles size and its mixing with peat moss on corms yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in soilless cultivation system

نویسندگان [English]

  • MINA FEYZIZADEH 1
  • Abas Samadi 2
  • amir rahimi 3
  • Farrokh asadzadeh 4

1 student

2 Professor of Soil Science Department

3 Assistant Professor of Agronomy Department

4 Associate Professor of Soil Science Department

چکیده [English]

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) one of the native plants and strategic crops in Iran. Increasing the performance of this product requires the use of modern methods instead of traditional methods. In this study, two separate greenhouse experiments were carried out in order to choose the suitable growth media with different perlite particle size and its mixing ratio with peat moss on corms yield of saffron in soilless conditions. The first experimental treatments included particle sizes of perlite with very fine (less than 0.5 mm), fine (0.5-1 mm), medium perlite (1-1.5 mm), coarse (1.5-2 mm) and very coarse (more than 2 mm), which were 100% volumetric and second experimental treatments, including a with peat moss of 50% perlite with each of the measured measures plus 50% peat moss. The experiments were designed in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the applied treatments had a significant effect on plant parameters including leaf length, leaf area, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, fresh corms weight, dry corms weight, diameter of daughter corms, and content of daughter corms, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Based on the results, the maximum weight of corms (17.89 g) was obtained in a mixed growth media containing of 50% perlite (1-1.5 mm) and 50% peat moss. In general, it can be concluded that when the goal is to increase the yield of saffron through the production of coarse corms in the hydroponic system, the use of mixture of medium sized perlite (1-1.5 mm) with peat moss (at 50:50 v/v peat moss to perlite ratio) is introduced as an optimal growth media.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • growth media
  • mixed growth media
  • particle size distribution
  • saffron
Afsharipoor S., and Roosta H.R. 2011. Effect of different planting beds on growth and development of strawberry in hydroponic and aquaponic cultivation systems. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 2: 61-66.
Aghhavani-Shajari M., Rezvani Moghaddam P., Ghorbani R., and Koocheki A. 2020. The possibility of improving saffron (Crocus sativus L.) flower and corm yield through the irrigation and soil texture managements. Scientia Horticulturae, 271: 109-485.
Albaho M., Bhat N., Abo-Rezq H., and Thomas B. 2009. Effect of Three Different Substrates on Growth and Yield of Two Cultivars. European Scientific Journal Research, 28(2): 227-233.
Altland J. 2006. Physical properties of container media. Available at http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nurseryweeds/feature_articles/physical_properties/physical_properties.htmlAlvarez-orti M., Gomez-Gomez L., Rubio A., Escribano J., Pardo J., Jimenez F., and Fernandez J.A. 2004. Development and gene expression in saffron corms. International Society for Horticultural Science, 650: 141-148.
Asaduzzaman M.D., Kobayashi Y, Mondal M.D.F., Takuya B., Matsubara H., Fumihiko A., and Toshiki A. 2013. Growing carrots hydroponically using perlite substrates. Scientia Horticulturae, 159: 113-121.
Barrett G.E., Alexander P.D., Robinson J.S., and Bragg N.C. 2016. Achieving environmentally sustainable growing media for soilless plant cultivation systems – A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 212: 220–234.
Behdani M.A., and Fallahi H.R. 2015. Saffron: Technical Knowledge Based on Research Approaches. University of Birjand Press, Birjand, Iran. (In Persian)
Behdani M.A., Zamani G.R., Fallahi H.R., Sayyari Zohan M.H., and Samadzadeh A.R. 2017. Evaluation of replacement corms growth criteria of saffron in response to different organic and conventional production systems. Saffron agronomy and technology, 5(2): 133-147. (In Persian)
Benito M., Masaguer A., Antonio R.De., and Moliner A. 2005. Use of pruning waste compost as a component insoilless growing media. Bioresource Technology, 96: 597-603.
Botez V., and Popescu N. 1995. Chemical composition of tomato and sweet pepper fruits cultivated on active substrates. Scientia Horticulturae, 412: 168-175.
Bugbee G. J., and Frink C.R. 1986. Aeration of potting media and plant growth. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 141: 438-441.
Drzal M., Fonteno W., and Cassel D. 1999. Pore fraction analysis: A new tool in substrate analysis. International Society for Horticultural Science, 481: 43–54.
Erin J.Y., Fisher P.R., Bohórquez A.C., and Altland J.E. 2019. Water and Air Relations in Propagation Substrates. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 54(11): 2024–2030.
Fallahi H.R., Aghhavani-Shajari M., Sahabi H., and Feizi H. 2018. Possibility of increasing the weight of saffron corm through integrated and timed management of agricultural inputs. Final Report of Research Project. Saffron Institute, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran. (In Persian)
Farrokhi E., Samadi A., Rahimi A., and Asadzadeh F. 2018. The effect of the size of perlite particles and its mixture with peat moss on the percentage of essential oil and the performance of Melissa officinalis in hydroponic system. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 9(3): 39-47. (In Persian)
Fernandez J. A. 2004. Biology, biotechnology and biomedicine of saffron. Recent Research Developments in Plant Science, 2: 127-159.
Ghaemi M., Kalarestaghi Q., and Nabavi M. 2010. Effects of different substrates on quantitative characteristics of cucumber Negin cultivar in hydroponic irrigation system. New Finding in Agriculture, 4(2): 159-168.
Ghaseminan V. 2014. The effect of perlite particles size and organic media on yield of basil.Master thesis. Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Goliaris A.H. 1999. Saffron cultivation in Greece. In: Neghbi, M., (Eds.), Saffron. Harwood Academic. Pub., The Netherland. Pp.73-83.
Gizas G. 2007. Particle Size and Hydraulic Properties of Pumice Affect Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Crops in Soilless Culture. Scientia Horticulturae, 42(5): 1274–1280.
Gholami Touranposhti M., Maghsoudi Moud A.A., and Manouchehri Kalantari Kh. 2005. Salt stress effect on the photosynthetic capacity of three Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.) clones. National Biotechnology Congress of Kerman. Iran. (In Persian)
Hajiaghaei Kamrani M., Hashemimajd K., Najafi N., and Tabatabaei S.J. 2012. Effect of different growth media on number of minitubers and concentration of elements in potato (Solanum tuberosum L) shoot and root. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology Greenhouse Culture, 3: 10.
Helalbeigi Y., Khoshgoftarmanesh A.H., Shamsi F., and Zamani N. 2009. Possibility of saffron corm growth in different bed of cultivation in soilless system. Proceedings of 1st Congress of Hydroponic in Greenhouse Production. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian)
Hemmati Kakhki A. 2003. A review on 15 years saffron Research. Khorasan Research Institute for food Science and Technology, 125. (In Persian)
Hogland D.R., and Arnon D.I. 1950. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Publications, 347.
Hosseini S.M., Sorooshzadeh A., and Modares Sanavi S.A.M. 2015. Effects of substrate culture, axillary bud removing and mother corm size on daughter corm production and morphological traits in the saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31(2): 194-203. (In Persian)
Jafarbigloo M., and Mobaraki Z. 2008. Evaluation of Qazvin land suitability for saffron cultivation based on multi-criteria decision-making methods. Physical Geography Research Quarterly. 66: 101-119. (In Persian)
Koocheki A., Rezvani-Moghaddam P., Aghhavai-Shajari M., Fallahi H.R. 2019. Corm weight or number per unit of land: Which one is more effective when planting corm, based on the age of the field from which corms were selected? Industrial Crops and Products, 131: 78-84.
Lichtenthaler H.K. 1987. Chlorophyll and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology, 148: 350-382.
Maggio A., Raimondi G., Martino A., and De Pascale S. 2006. Soilless cultivation of saffron in Mediterranean environment. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 718: 515-522.
Malakouti M.J. 2010. Relationship between balanced fertilization and healthy agricultural products (A review). Journal of Crop and Weed Ecophysiology, 10: 11-16.
Mashayekhi K., Kamkar B., and Soltani A. 2006. The effect of corm weight and environmental temperature of flowering behavior of saffron. International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Biotechnology, Mashhad, Iran, (In Persian)
Molina R.V., Renau-Morata B., Nebauer S.G., García-Luis A., and Guardiola J.L. 2010. Greenhouse saffron culture–Temperature effects on flower emergence and vegetative growth of the plants. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 850: 91-94.
Mollafilabi A., Koocheki A., Rezvani Moghaddam P., and Nassiri Mahallati M. 2014. Effect of plant density and corm weight on yield and yield components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under soil, hydroponic and plastic tunnel cultivation. Saffron agronomy and technology, 1(2): 14-28. (In Persian)
Olympios C. M. 1999. Overview of soilless culture: advantages, constraints, and perspectives. In: R. Choukr-Allah (Ed.), Protected cultivation in the Mediterranean region, CIHEAM / IAV Hassan II, Paris, Europe, 307 -324.
Poggi L.M., Portela A.J., Pontin M.A., and Molina R.V. 2010. Corm size and incubation effects on time to flowering and threads yield and quality in saffron production in Argentina. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 850: 193-198.
Samadi A. 2011. Effect of particle size distribution of perlite and its mixture with organic substrates on cucumber in hydroponic system. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 13: 121-129.
Souret F.F., and Weathers P.J. 2008. The growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in aeroponics and hydroponics. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 7(3): 25-35.
Wallach R., Silva F.F., and Chen Y. 1992. Hydraulic characteristics of tuff (scoria) used as a container medium. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 117: 415–421.
Wood C.W., Reeves D.W., and Himelrick D.G. 1993. Relationships between chlorophyll meter reading and leaf chlorophyll concentration, N status, and crop yield. Proceeding Agronomy Society, 23: 1-9.