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برآورد میزان کربن آلی خاک و تغییرات آن در تناوب زراعی سویا- گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت- دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف تأثیر نوع گیاه زراعی بر میزان کربن خاک در زمین­های زراعی تحت تناوب سویا (Glycin max L.) و گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) به­ترتیب در سال­های زراعی 96-1395 در 150مزرعه و 97-1396 در 89 مزرعه در شهرستان گرگان انجام شد. برای تعیین میزان کربن آلی و تغییرات آن، نمونه­های خاک در دو عمق 15-0 و 30-15 سانتی­متری تهیه شدند و سپس کربن آلی خاک با روش والکی - بلک اندازه­گیری شد. توزیع مکانی کربن آلی خاک و تغییرات آن در عمق­های مختلف و در زمان­های قبل از کاشت و پس از برداشت با استفاده از انواع روش­های مختلف درون­یابی در محیط ArcGIS انجام شد. نتایج روش­های درون­یابی نشان داد که روش کریجینگ بهترین مدل برای درون­یابی کربن آلی و میزان انباشت کربن خاک می­باشد. میانگین کربن آلی خاک در مزرعه سویا در شرایط قبل از کاشت در عمق 15– 0 سانتی­متری (عمق اول) به میزان 84/14 تن در هکتار و در عمق 30–15سانتی­متری (عمق دوم) به میزان 41/13 تن در هکتار بدست آمد و در شرایط پس از برداشت سویا در عمق اول به میزان 85/16 تن در هکتار و در عمق دوم نیز به میزان 52/15 تن در هکتار برآورد شد. همچنین میزان کربن آلی خاک در مزارع گندم در عمق­های اول و دوم خاک به­ترتیب 78/16 و 25/15 تن در هکتار در مرحله قبل از کاشت و در شرایط پس از برداشت گندم نیز در عمق­های اول و دوم خاک به­ترتیب 68/13 و 30/12 تن در هکتار به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که بخش­های شرقی، شمال، شمال شرقی، جنوب، جنوب شرقی و مرکزی شهرستان به علت دسترسی به سیستم­های آبیاری مدرن، منابع آبی بیشتر، مدیریت­های زراعی مناسب، برگرداندن مناسب بقایای گیاهی به خاک، توسعه روش‌های کم خاکورزی، به حداقل رساندن آتش زدن بقایا و استفاده از کود دامی دارای بیشترین میزان انباشت کربن بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Organic Carbon Content and its Changes in Soybean-Wheat Cropping Rotation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samane Bakhshande 1
  • H. KAZEMI 2
  • A. Soltani 3
  • b kamkar 1

1 Gorgan uni.

2 Gorgan University

3 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crop type on soil carbon accumulation in soybean (Glycin max L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation, in 150 fields of soybean and 89 wheat fields in Gorgan county, in the cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, respectively. In order to determine the amount of organic carbon and its changes, soil samples from two depths of 0-15 cm (first depth) and 15-30 cm (second depth) were prepared and then soil carbon was measured by Walkley-Black method. Spatial distributions of soil organic carbon and carbon accumulation potential at different depths and also, in the pre-sowing and post-harvest stages were performance using different types of interpolation methods in ArcGIS enviroment. The results of interpolation methods showed that Kriging was the best model for interpolation of organic carbon distribution and carbon accumulation in agricultural fields of Gorgan. Average amounts of soil organic carbon in the first depth of soybean fields were as 14.84 mg ha-1and 13.41 mg ha-1for the second depth in the pre-sowing stage. Also, it was estimated as 16.85 mg ha-1 in the first depth and 15.52 mg ha-1 for second depth, in the post-harvest stage. The amounts of soil organic carbon in the wheat fields were determined about 16.78 and 15.25 mg ha-1for first and second depths in the pre-sowing stage, respectively. Those were 13.68 and 12.30 mg ha-1for of first and second depths in the post-harvest stage sampling, respectively. The results showed that the eastern, northern, northeastern, southern, southeastern and central parts of the county had the highest carbon accumulation due to access to modern irrigation systems, more water resources, better crop management, suitable return of crop residue to the soil, develop of minimum tillage, minimizing the burning of residue and using manure. Results showed that the western and southwestern parts of the county had the lowest carbon accumulation. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop rotation
  • Kriging method
  • Organic Carbon
  • Soybean
  • Wheat
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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 1-15
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 آبان 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 آذر 1400
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