نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علــوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استادیار

3 موسسه تحقیقات حفظ نبات، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

4 - دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

روی یکی از عناصر کم‌مصرف است که در خاک‌های آهکی عمدتا به شکل‌های کم‌محلول وجود دارد. یکی از راه‌های فراهمی روی مورد نیاز گیاه در این شرایط، استفاده از میکروارگانیسم‌ها در قالب کود زیستی است. برای عرضه این کودها نیاز به حامل مناسب می‌باشد. لذا، این تحقیق به منظور جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری‌های حل‌کننده روی از خاک‌ها و بررسی زنده‌مانی سویه برتر در حامل‌های مختلف به مدت نه ماه در قالب طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی دو فاکتوره (حامل و زمان) با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. حامل‌های جامد، شامل پرلیت، پیت ماس، خاک اره، تفاله چغندرقند، کود دامی، ورمی‌کمپوست، آزولا، بیوچار (آزولا و سیب)، سبوس و تالک بودند. در این تحقیق، زادمایه‌های باکتری‌یایی تهیه شده با جمعیت اولیه یکسان پس از نگهداری در دمای اتاق از نظر توان زنده‌مانی باکتری مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. برای شمارش باکتری‌های زنده در حامل‌های میکروبی، در هر ماه از روش شمارش MPN استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که از 24 نمونه خاک، تعداد 15 جدایه باکتری‌ حل‌کننده روی جداسازی و خالص‌سازی شد. پنج جدایه‌ی برتر از لحاظ انحلال ترکیب نامحلول روی، جهت شناسایی مولکولی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بر اساس توالی ژن 16S rRNA، سه جدایه‌ به جنس سودوموناس و دو جدایه به انتروباکتر تعلق داشتند. از بین باکتری‌های شناسایی شده باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنس (Ur 22) توان کمی (2/75 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و توان کیفی (28/2) بالایی در انحلال‌ ترکیب نامحلول فسفات روی داشت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین لگاریتم جمعیت شمارش شده بعد از گذشت نه ماه در حامل بیوچار سیب ( log cfu g-107/5) و بیوجار آزولا ( log cfu g-107/5) و کمترین جمعیت شمارش شده در حامل تالک ( log cfu g-111/2) به دست آمد. بطور کلی می‌توان بیان داشت که از بین حامل‌های مورد آزمایش، بیوچار بعلت ویژگی‌های خوب و مقرون به‌صرفه بودن از نظر اقتصادی توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and Identification of Zn solubilising bacteria and Evaluation of various Carrier Efficacy in Superior Isolate Survival

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Hashemnejad 1
  • mohsen barin 2
  • Maryam Khezri 3
  • youbert ghoosta 4

1 Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

2

3 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

4 Associate Prof. of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

چکیده [English]

Zinc (Zn) is one of the micronutrient that is in calcareous soils in low solubility forms. One of the ways of supplying Zn of the plant in these conditions is the use of microorganisms as biofertilizer. A suitable carrier is needed to supply these fertilizers. Therefore, this study was performed to isolation and identification of Zn solubilizing bacteria from soil and to evaluate the survival of the superior strain in various carriers during nine months in a completely randomized two-factor design (carrier and Time) was performed with three replications. Solid carriers included perlite, peat moss, sawdust, sugar beet waste, manure, vermicompost, azolla, biochar (azolla and apple), bran and talc. In this study, bacterial inoculants prepared with the same initial population after storage at room temperature were compared for the survival of the bacteria. For counting the bacteria in microbial carriers, MPN counting method was used in each month. The results showed that out of 24 samples of the rhizosphere soil, 15 strains of Zn-solubilizing bacteria were isolated and purified. Five isolates found to be the most efficient in solubilizing insoluble Zn compounds were examined for molecular identification. Based on gene 16S rRNA sequencing, three of the isolates belonged to the genus of Pseudomonas, and two to Enterobacter. The highest solubility index (2.28) was related to Pseudomonas fluorescens strains which were used for inoculation of microbial carriers by Ur 22 strain. The results of bacterial count in carriers showed that among the tested carriers, the highest population counted after nine months in carrier of apple biochar (5.07 log cfu g-1) and azolla biochar (5.07 log cfu g-1), and the lowest population was obtained in talc carrier (2.11 log cfu g-1). In general, it can be said that among the tested carriers, Biochar is recommended due to its good properties and cost-effectiveness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • Pseudomonas fluorescens
  • Solid carrier
  • Survival
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