نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیئت علمی پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری

2 پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری

3 پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات

چکیده

اراضی دیم از منابع مهم‌ تلفات خاک هستند و کاربرد اصلاح‌کننده می‌تواند باعث کاهش فرسایش خاک شود. این پژوهش، با هدف تعیین تیمار مناسب ویناس در کاهش تلفات خاک و تولید رواناب بر روی نمونه خاک لسی اراضی دیم شهرستان کلاله استان گلستان و در شبیه­ساز باران و در سینی­های با ابعاد 10×30×30 سانتی‌متری انجام شد. آزمایش­ها با چهار تیمار ویناس (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی­لیتر) در شدت باران ثابت متوسط 70 میلی­متر در ساعت با سه شیب مختلف (20، 12 و 8 درصد) و در آزمایش­های دیگری، چهار تیمار ویناس مذکور در سه شدت بارندگی (50 و 70 و 90 میلی­متر در ساعت) با شیب ثابت (12 درصد) هرکدام با سه تکرار و به مدت 30 دقیقه انجام شد. پس از آماده­سازی سینی­ها، تیمارهای ویناس با افشانه به‌طور یکنواخت در سطح خاک پاشیده و حدود 24 ساعت زمان داده ‌شد تا با خاک به تعادل برسد. رواناب حاصل از باران، به همراه رسوب خروجی هر آزمایش جمع‌آوری، حجم‌سنجی و پس از ترسیب و خشک کردن، نرخ تلفات خاک تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت بین تیمارهای شیب، بارش و ویناس و اثر متقابل آن­ها معنی­دار شد. در شدت باران ثابت، تیمار حاوی 100 میلی­لیتر ویناس، باعث کاهش حجم رواناب و تلفات خاک شد. تیمارهای حاوی 50 و 150 میلی­لیتر ویناس نسبت به شاهد، عملکرد بهتری در کاهش مؤلفه حجم رواناب و تلفات خاک نداشتند. اثر شیب در آزمایش با شدت باران ثابت، از روند مشخصی پیروی نمی­کرد ولی شدت­ بارش اثر مستقیم بر مؤلفه حجم رواناب و تلفات خاک داشت. در این شرایط آزمایش، به‌کارگیری مقدار متوسط ویناس (تیمار 100 میلی­لیتر ویناس) می­تواند در کاهش مقدار تلفات خاک و رواناب مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Vinasse Conditioner Effect Evaluation on Soil Loss and Runoff Component

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Bayat 1
  • Zahra Gerami 2
  • Rahim Kazemi 2
  • mahmood arabkhedri 2
  • Parviz Pashutani 3

1 SCWMRI

2 Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute

3 Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute

چکیده [English]

Drylands have always been an important source of soil loss and sediment yield, so that suitable conditioner application can reduce soil erosion. This study conducted to determine the suitable rate of vinasse treatment in reducing runoff and soil loss on the loess soil of drylands in Kalaleh city, east of Golestan Province and in plots with 10 x 30 x 30 cm dimensions were done. This experiment had four treatments of vinas (0, 50, 100, and 150 ml) once at an average intensity of 70 mm per hour on three different slopes (20, 12, and 8 %) and once at three rainfall intensities (50, 70, and 90 mm/h) on a medium slope (12%) each with three repetitions for 30 minutes. Vinasse treatments were also sprayed evenly on the soil surface and given about 24 hours to balance with soil particles. Runoff was collected and volumetric measurement was done after precipitation. The remaining samples were dried. The soil losses was determined. The ANOVA results showed that differences between slope, rainfall and vinasse treatments and their effect were significant. However the treatments containing 50, and 150 ml vinasse had higher performance than the control in the component of runoff volume and soil loss. Of course, 100 ml vinasse treatment caused to reduce runoff volume and soil losses components. The effect of slope, unlike the intensity of precipitation, does not follow a specific trend, but the intensity of precipitation has a direct effect on the component of runoff volume and soil losses. In this experiment condition, the application of 100 ml vinasse could be effective in runoff volume and soil loss reduction. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil conditioner
  • Soil loess
  • Dryland
  • Rainfall simulator
  • Vinasse
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