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کاربرد نفوذسنج گلف در ارزیابی هدایت هیدرولیکی خاک‏های شور و دارای مواد آلی (مطالعه موردی بستر دریاچه ارومیه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد اراک

2 عضو هیئت علمی

3 دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه امیرکبیر

چکیده

خشک شدن سطح وسیعی از دریاچه ارومیه چالش زیست محیطی بزرگی برای منطقه و کشور است. بنابراین لزوم شناخت خصوصیات فیزیکی و مکانیکی مصالح بستر دریاچه ارومیه جهت انجام فعالیتهای مهندسی در راستای احیای آن ضروری است. از عمده‌ترین مشکلات مربوط به رسوبات بستر دریاچه، تأثیر درصد بالای مواد آلی با مقاومت برشی کم، غلظت نمک زیاد و حلالیت برخی مواد بر رفتار خاک است. در مقاله حاضر بعد از انجام آزمایش‏های مختلف صحرایی و آزمایشگاهی برای تعیین خصوصیات خاک، آزمایش نفوذسنج گلف مدل 2800KI، تا فاصله یک کیلومتری از عرض دریاچه و در مناطق مختلف دریاچه (منطقه حیدرآباد نقده، منطقه چیچست ارومیه و منطقه پل میان گذر ارومیه به تبریز) انجام شد. در این  سه منطقه از دریاچه، با ایجاد 20 حلقه چاهک به شعاع 4 سانتی متر و عمق 25 تا 30 سانتی متر در فواصل مختلف به ‏صورت زیگزاگ تا طول 1 کیلومتری به سمت داخل دریاچه، هدایت هیدرولیکی با دستگاه نفوذسنج گلف در دو بار آبی 5 و 10 سانتی متر برای هر گمانه با دو بار تکرار اندازه‏گیری شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که هدایت هیدرولیکی برای دو منطقه حیدرآباد نقده و چیچست ارومیه، به­طور میانگین برای خاک‏های لای عمدتاً در نزدیکی ساحل دریاچه 175/0 سانتیمتر بر ساعت و  ماسه لای‏دار 34/5 سانتیمتر بر ساعت و برای منطقه پل میان­گذر ارومیه به تبریز، مقدار هدایت هیدرولیکی بطور میانگین 89/1 سانتیمتر بر ساعت برآورد گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Guelph Permeameter to Evaluate the Hydraulic Conductivity of Saline Soils Contain Organic Matter (Case Study: Lake Urmia)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Valizadeh Hassanloui 1
  • Hojjat Ahmadi 2
  • S.Hamid Lajavardi 1
  • Hamidreza Saba 3

1 1- Department of Civil Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

2 water enginnering

3 3- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Drying a large area of ​​Lake Urmia is considered a serious environmental challenge for the region and the country. Therefore, the knowledge of the physical and mechanical characteristics of Lake Urmia bed material is necessary to do engineering activities to regenerate it. One of the major problems related to lake bed sediments is the effect of the high percentage of organic matter with low shear strength, high salt concentration, and solubility of some matters on soil behavior. In this article, after performing different field and laboratory tests to determine soil properties, the Guelph penetrometer (2800KI) was tested up to a distance of 1 km from the width of the lake and in different areas of the lake (Hyderabad in Naghadeh, Chichest in ​​Urmia and the ​​Urmia-Tabriz causeway). In these three areas of the lake, by digging 20 wells with a radius of 4 cm and a depth of 25-30 cm at different intervals in a zigzag pattern up to a length of 1 km towards the inside of the lake, hydraulic conductivity was measured using a Guelph permeameter in two hydraulic heads of 5 and 10 cm for each borehole with two replications. The study results showed that the hydraulic conductivity for the two areas of Hyderabad and Chichest of Urmia, on average, for loamy soils, mainly near the shore of the lake, was estimated to be 0.175 cm/h; 5.34 cm/h for layered sand and 1.89 cm/h for the ​​area around Urmia-Tabriz causeway.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lake Urmia
  • Sediments
  • Hydraulic conductivity
  • Guelph
  • Organic matter
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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 3
آذر 1402
صفحه 60-74
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 28 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 آذر 1401
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