نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان

3 دانشیار، گروه مکانیک و بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

4 استاد- دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

چکیده

تراکم خاک یکی از عوامل موثر در کاهش کیفیت فیزیکی خاک است که می­تواند تحت تأثیر نوع عملیات خاک­ورزی، رابطه بین آب، خاک و گیاه و عملکرد محصول را به شدت تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر نوع سامانه خاک­ورزی بر مشخصه­های تراکمی یک خاک با بافت لوم رسی سیلتی انجام گردید. نمونه برداری پس از سه سال خاک­ورزی پس از برداشت محصول جو صورت پذیرفت. نتایج در قالب طرح آماری بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تیمار خاک‏ورزی مرسوم، کم­خاک‏ورزی و بی­خاک‏ورزی در 6 تکرار تحلیل شد. مشخصه­های تراکمی خاک شامل تنش پیش­تراکمی، نمایه تراکم و نمایه تورم با آزمون تراکم تک محوری محصور تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که نوع سامانه خاک­ورزی اثر معنی­دار بر تنش پیش­تراکمی خاک در سطح احتمال 5% دارد به طوری­که کمترین مقدار تنش پیش­تراکمی با مقدارkPa  95/19 مربوط به تیمارهای خاک­ورزی مرسوم و بیشترین مقدار آن با مقدارkPa  62/31 مربوط به تیمار بی­خاک­ورزی می­باشد. نمایه تراکم در تیمار خاک­ورزی مرسوم نسبت به سایر تیمارها افزایش یافت. بررسی نتایج آزمون بارگذاری سیکلی نشان داد که تیمار بی­خاک­ورزی احتمالا به ترددهای متوالی ماشین، حساسیت کمتری داشته ولی این حساسیت در تیمارهای کم­خاک­ورزی و مرسوم بیشتر باشد. نتایج نشان می­دهد که می­توان تیمار بی­خاک­ورزی را به عنوان یک سامانه خاک­ورزی با استعداد کمتر در ایجاد فشردگی خاک بیان نمود که البته اجرای مکرر آن نیاز به زیرشکنی در هر چند سال جهت از بین بردن لایه­های متراکم عمیق خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Tillage Systems on Compaction Characteristics of a Silty Clay Loam Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa kazemi 1
  • shoja Ghorbani 1
  • Masoud Tadayonnejad 2
  • Mojtaba Naderi 3
  • hosein Shirani 4

1 phD. student

2 Assist. Prof. of Soil Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources Reasearch Center of Isfahan

3 Assoc. Prof. of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem, Shahrekord University Iran

4 Rafsanjan university

چکیده [English]

Soil compaction is one of the effective factors in reducing soil physical quality, which due to tillage operations can affect the relationship between water, soil and crop yield. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of some tillage treatments on the compaction behavior of a silty clay loam soil. Core sampling was carried out during three years of tillage after barley harvest. The experiments were conducted as a randomized complete block design with three treatments i.e. conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage in 6 replications. Soil compaction characteristics including pre-compression stress, compression index and swelling index were determined based on confined compression test )CCT) at 100 hPa matric suction. The results showed that the tillage treatment had a significant effect on pre- compression stress, bulk density and soil moisture at the confidence level of% 5. The lowest amount of pre-compression stress with a value of 19.95kPa is related to conventional tillage treatments and the highest value with a value of 31.62 kPa is related to non-tillage treatment. The compression index was showed the highest value in conventional tillage compared to other treatments. The results of cyclic loading-unloading at a constant stress level (i.e. 50% of pre-compression stress) showed that the studied soil was less sensitive to repeated loading for no-tillage than reduced and conventional tillage treatments which can be attributed to weaker structure for the later. As the conclusion, the no-tillage treatment can be described as a treatment being less susceptible to compaction. However, consecutive implementation of this tillage treatment might require subsoiling operations every few years to disturbed the deep subsoil hard pans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tillage
  • Pre-compression stress
  • Compression index
  • Repeated loading
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