نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

آهن از جمله عناصر ضروری برای رشد گیاهان می­باشد که کمبود آن یکی از مشکلات رایج در خاک­های آهکی است. از این رو این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر مواد آلی مختلف و برهمکنش آن­ها با پودر اکسید آهن، بر جذب عناصر غذایی و عملکرد گیاه گندم، در قالب طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل، با دو فاکتور نوع ماده آلی شامل تفاله­های لیمو­ترش، غوره، گوجه­فرنگی، چای سیاه، قهوه و کمپوست هر یک از آن­ها در سطح یک درصد وزنی و پودر اکسید آهن در دو سطح صفر و 50 میلی­گرم آهن در کیلو­گرم خاک، به صورت کشت گلدانی، در سه تکرار و در خاک آهکی با بافت لوم انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که وزن خشک اندام هوایی در همه تیمار­ها به جز تفاله­های لیمو و قهوه و کمپوست تفاله­های چای و قهوه به صورت معنی­دار نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. همچنین اکثر تیمار­ها سبب افزایش معنی­دار جذب نیتروژن، پتاسیم و آهن نسبت به شاهد شدند. کمپوست تفاله گوجه­فرنگی در تمامی صفات، بیشترین تأثیر را داشت؛ به طوری که در مورد جذب سه عنصر نیتروژن، پتاسیم و آهن، این تیمار توانست به طور معنی­داری میزان جذب عناصر را به ترتیب 1/36، 7/39، 9/148 درصد نسبت به کاربرد پودر اکسید آهن به تنهایی افزایش دهد. همچنین مقایسه بین میانگین تفاله­ها و کمپوست آن­ها نشان­دهنده تأثیر بیشتر تفاله­ها نسبت به کمپوست­ها در همه پارامتر­ها به جز وزن خشک اندام هوایی بود. به طور کلی مشخص شد که از میان تمام تیمار­های مورد استفاده، به ترتیب کمپوست تفاله گوجه­فرنگی و تفاله غوره و در مورد برهمکنش مواد آلی با پودر اکسید آهن، به ترتیب کمپوست تفاله­های گوجه­فرنگی و لیمو، نسبت به سایر تیمار­ها بهتر عمل کردند و باعث بهبود خصوصیات مختلف خاک و گیاه گندم شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Types of Organic Waste and Their Composts on Iron Availability from the Source of Iron Oxide and Nutrient Uptake and Plant Growth of Wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Khakzar 1
  • Reza Khorasani 2
  • Akram Halajnia 3

1 MSC. Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Iron is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth that its deficiency is considered as an important problem in calcareous soils. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different organic matters and their interactions with iron oxide powder on nutrient uptake and yield of wheat in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement. The experimental factors were organic matter type including lemon pomace, sour grape pomace, tomato pomace, black tea pomace, spent coffee grounds, and their composts (1% by weight), and iron oxide powder on two levels (zero, and 50 mg of iron per kg of soil) as potted culture with three replications. The results showed that shoot dry weight increased significantly in all treatments except (lemon pomace and spent coffee grounds and tea pomace compost and spent coffee grounds compost) compared to the control. Also, most of the treatments caused a significant increase in the uptake of nitrogen, potassium and iron compared to the control. Tomato pomace compost, in comparison to other treatments had the greatest impact on all parameters. The uptake of nitrogen, potassium and iron, were significantly increased by adding tomato pomace compost, which the amount of these increases compared to the use of iron oxide powder alone, were 36.1, 39.7, 148.9 percent, respectively. Also, the comparison between the different pomaces and their compost, showed that the pomaces were more effective than their compost in all parameters except the dry weight of the shoot. Finally, it was found that among all of the treatments, respectively, tomato pomace compost and sour grape pomace, and for the interaction effects of organic matter with iron oxide powder, respectively, tomato and lemon pomace compost, effectively, improved different soil and plant properties, compared to the other treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amendment materials
  • Composting
  • Iron waste
  • Organic pomaces
  • Wheat
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