نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

کارشناس ارشد موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کرج

چکیده

زئولیت­ها با ساختمانی کریستالی خود مواد متخلخلی هستند که مانند غربال عمل کرده و به دلیل داشتن کانال­های باز در شبکه خود، اجازه عبور بعضی از یون­ها را داده و مسیر عبور بعضی از یون­های دیگر را مسدود می کنند. مصرف این ماده در خاک، می­تواند در افزایش راندمان مصرف و کاهش تلفات نیتروژن نقش داشته باشد. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تاثیر کاربرد زئولیت در افزایش راندمان زراعی مصرف نیتروژن و عملکرد ذرت  به اجرا در آمد. آزمایش در گلخانه­ به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب کاملا تصادفی در سال زراعی 88-1378 به اجرا درآمد.  فاکتورهای کودی شامل نوع کود (شامل سه فرمولاسیون مختلف اوره با زئولیت، اوره معمول و اوره با پوشش گوگردی) در چهار سطح صفر، 200، 250 و 300 کیلوگرم نیترژن خالص در هکتار( به مقادیر 44/0، 55/0 و 66/0 گرم  به هر گلدان 3 کیلوگرمی( بودند که در سه تکرار انجام شد. برای کشت از ذرت رقم سینگل کراس 704 استفاده شده و در طول رشد مراقبت­های لازم از جمله آبیاری به موقع و مبارزه با شته به عمل آمد. پس از هشت هفته، بوته­ها برداشت شده و عملکرد ماده خشک و مقدار نیتروژن اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد کودهای زئولیت نیتروژن دار به عنوان کودهای کندرها (اوره با پوشش گوگردی) عمل ننموده و نمی­تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای این کود به حساب آید. از نظر تاثیر بر عملکرد گیاه نیز کودهای زئولیت نیترژن­دار مشابه کود اوره عمل نموده است. با عنایت به اینکه درجه خلوص نیتروژن در کودهای زئولیتی نسبت به اوره کم می­باشد، لذا برای تامین نیتروژن مورد نیاز گیاه کشاورز می­بایست سه برابر کود اوره، کود زئولیتی خریداری نماید. از این رو با در نظر گرفتن دیگر هزینه­های لازم (زئولیت،  بسته­بندی، حمل و نقل ...) قیمت تمام شده واحد نیتروژن در این کود چندین برابر کود اوره خواهد بود. بنابراین کاربرد زئولیت (بکار رفته در این آزمایش) در ترکیبات کودی و معرفی آن به عنوان کود جدید فاقد توجیه اقتصادی است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Zeolite on Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency for Corn

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Passandideh

Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Zeolites with their crystallized structures which with their pores act on sieve and due to having open channels in their net, let to some ions by passing and acting as dam on going way of some other ions. There is some cations such as NH4+ and K+ in their structure. Using of this material in soil may improve nitrogen efficiency and reduces its loss. A factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was performed in a green-house study to evaluation the effects of zeolite on corn shoot yield and nitrogen efficiency in 2008-2009. First factor was sources of N fertilizer (five kind), second factor was four levels of nitrogen (0, 200, 250 and 300 kgNha-1) and variety of corn was SC 704. Shoot dry weight and nitrogen concentration was determined in upper plant part. Results indicated that nitrogen in tested zeolits couldn’t act as slow release fertilizers (such as SCU) therefore they couldn’t be as suitable replacement for slow release fertilizers. Ratio of nitrogen in zeolite fertilizers is 1/3 of urea, therefore farmers has to use three times more amount of it to prepare same nitrogen for plants. If we consider other inputs such as packing, transporting and the cost of zeolite material, the cost of each nitrogen unit in this material is more expensive than urea. Due to these results using of nitrogenous zeolite which was tested in this experiment is not scientific and economically recommendable for corn cropping.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • zeolite
  • Nitrogen
  • efficiency
  • Corn
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