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اثر کودهای زیستی و آلی بر غلظت عناصر غذایی و برخی شاخص‌های رشدی گوجه‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بترتیب استادیار، دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد و دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

4 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

5 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر باکتری­های محرک رشد گیاه و کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ خوراکی بر رشد و عملکرد گوجه­فرنگی رقم ارگون (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)، آزمایشی گلخانه­ای به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: تلقیح بذور گوجه فرنگی با سوسپانسیون باکتری­های محرک رشد جنس سودوموناس (گونه فلورسنس و پوتیدا سویه 168 و 41) و آزوسپریلیوم (گونه لیپوفروم، sp و هالوپرفرنس) و افزودن کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ در نسبت­های حجمی (0، 20، 40 و 60) درصد به­صورت جایگزینی در بسترهای کاشت بود. نتایج نشان داد که میزان فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم در برگ و میوه تحت اثر تیمارهای آزمایشی به­طور معنی­داری افزایش یافتند. بیشترین میزان این عناصر در برگ و میوه در تیمار تلقیح شده با باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنسو کشت شده در بستر حاوی 20 درصد کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ مشاهده گردید. بیشترین میزان عملکرد و کلروفیل a در گیاهان مایه­زنی شده با سودوموناس فلورسنس و بستر کشت حاوی 20 درصد کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ مشاهده گردید. شاخص­های کلروفیل b، مجموع کلروفیل، اسیدیته میوه و سفتی بافت میوه در تیمارهای تلقیح شده با سودوموناس فلورسنس و سودوموناس پوتیدا سویه 168 و تیمار 20 درصد کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ حداکثر بود. بیشترین میزان قند میوه در تیمار تلقیح شده با آزوسپریلیوم هالوپرفرنس و تیمار 20 درصد کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ مشاهده گردید. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از کمپوست باقی­مانده قارچ و همچنین باکتری­های محرک رشد نقش موثری بر ویژگی­های فیزیولوژیک، تغذیه و همچنین عملکرد گوجه دارد. همچنین در شاخص­های میزان کلروفیل، عملکرد کل و تغذیه گیاه اثر متقابل کمپوست با باکتری معنی­دار بود که بیان­گر نقش موثر و افزاینده کاربرد همزمان کمپوست و قارچ به­عنوان یک کود آلی-میکروبی در بهبود رشد گیاه می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of bio-fertilizer and organic fertilizer application on some nutrients concentration and growth characteristics of tomato

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali-Ashraf Soltani Toolarood 1
  • Saye Rasoul Ziatabar 2
  • Behrooz Esmaeelpoor 3
  • Payman Abbaszadeh Dehaji 4
  • Kazem Khavazi 5

1 professor, Department of soil science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

2 MSc graduate student, Department of soil science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

3 Associate professor Department of soil science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

4 Assistant professor department of Soil Science, Vali-e-Asr University

5 Associate professor of soil biology department, soil and water research institute of Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of bio-fertilizer and organic fertilizer application on some nutrients concentration and some growth characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), a greenhouse experiment was conducted in a factorial in randomized completely design with four replications. Treatments were involved: inoculation of tomato Seeds with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida strains 168 and 41, Azospirillum sp, A.lipoferum, A.halopraeferens and replacement of culture substrate with the spent mushroom compost in volume ratios of 0, 20, 40 and 60%. Results indicated that the concentration of P, Ca and K in leaf and fruit significantly increased by different treatments. The greatest amount of phosphorus, calcium and potassium was observed in treatment inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens and cultured in culture substrate containing 20% of spent mushroom compost. The results also showed that the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and the spent mushroom compost on growth characteristic of tomato, was significant. The highest chlorophyll a content and yield was apperceived in plants inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens and cultured in culture substrate containing 20% of spent mushroom compost. Growth characteristic included chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, fruit firmness and acidity was maximum in treatments inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida strain 168 and in culture substrate teartment containing 20% of spent mushroom compost. The greatest amount of fruit suger was observed in treatment  inoculated with A.halopraeferens in culture substrate teartment containing 20% the spent mushroom compost. Overall the results showed that the use of the spent mushroom compost and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria played a significat role in the tomato’s physiological characteristics, nutrition and yield. Also regarding the parameters of chlorophyll, total yield and plant nutrition, the interaction between spent mushroom compost and  bacteria was significant, representing effective and increasing role of concurrent use of compost and bacteria as an organic-microbial fertilizer to improve plant growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tomato
  • Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
  • Compost
  • nutrients
مراجع
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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 2، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
بهمن 1393
صفحه 105-118
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 خرداد 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 اسفند 1393
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