نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشدگروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

فسفر یکی از عناصر ضروری برای رشد گیاهان بوده و در اغلب خاک­ها رفتار پیچیده­ای داشته و با اجزا خاک بصورت ترکیبات کم محلول تا نامحلول در می­آید. بهره­برداری از پتانسیل بیولوژیک خاک­ها می­تواند حلالیت و تحرک آن را برای تغذیه مطلوب گیاهان فراهم نماید. این تحقیق به­منظور جداسازی و غربالگری سویه­های باکتریایی (PSB) و قارچی (PSF) حل­کننده فسفات از نظر توان انحلال فسفات­ها در حضور دو منبع تری­کلسیم فسفات (TCP) و خاک فسفات (RP) انجام گردید. تعداد 55 نمونه ریزوسفری از مزارع گندم ارومیه برداشت و جداسازی اولیه و ارزیابی توان حل­کنندگی بصورت کیفی در محیط کشت جامد NBRIP انجام شد. توانایی انحلال کمی سویه­های کارآمد در آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل منبع فسفاته (TCP و RP) و تلقیح میکروبی (شاهد، PSB­45­، PSB15­، PSB30، PSB2، PSB­11، PSB12، PSB20، PSF1، PSF3، PSF4 و PSF7) در هفت زمان انکوباسیون در دمای 28 درجه سلسیوس در انکوباتور (0، 1، 3، 6، 9، 12 و 15 روز ) مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که منبع فسفاته، سویه­های میکروبی و زمان انکوباسیون تاثیر معنی­داری (P<0.001) بر مقادیر فسفر حل­شده و pH محیط داشت. بیشترین میزان فسفر محلول با 636 میکروگرم بر میلی­لیتر توسط سویه­ی PSF1 از منبع تری­کلسیم فسفات آزاد شد. همچنین سویه­ی PSF1 در روز دوازدهم با 570 میکروگرم بر میلی­لیتر بیشترین توان حلالیت را نسبت به سایر سویه­ها نشان داد. میزان فسفر حل­شده توسط سویه­ها با pH محیط کشت رابطه­ی خطی منفی و معنی­داری نشان داد. میزان pH در نمونه تلقیح شده با سویه­ی PSF1 در منبع تری­کلسیم فسفات بیشترین مقدار کاهش (4 واحد) را نسبت به سایر سویه­ها و تیمار شاهد نشان داد و همچنین بیشترین کاهش pH در روز دوازدهم (90/3pH=) توسط همین سویه مشاهده شد درحالی که میزان pH در تیمار شاهد بدون تغییر باقی ماند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms from wheat rhizosphere and evaluation of the their solubilizing potential in presence of two insoluble phosphate sources

نویسندگان [English]

  • Razieh Ebrahimi Karim Abad 1
  • Mir Hasan Rasouli Sadaghiani 2
  • Mohsen Barin 3

چکیده [English]

Phosphorus (P) is one of nutrient elements for plant growth. In most soils P has complex behavior and forms sparingly soluble and insoluble compounds with soil particles. Phosphorus bioavailability can be controlled by soil biological activities for optimum nutrition of plants. This study was carried out in order to isolation of P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as well as P-solubilizing fungi (PSF) and their screening in terms of P solubilizing potential in presence of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and rock phosphate (RP). A total of 55 soil samples were taken from the wheat rhizosphere of Urmia region, and the isolation as well as qualitative solubilizing potential was done in solid NBRIP media. Quantitative P-dissolution ability of isolated strains were assessed in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design including phosphate sources (RP and TCP) and selected microbial isolates at incubation condition at 28 degrees Celsius. The studied strains included control, PSB45, PSB15, PSB30, PSB2, PSB11, PSB12, PSB20, PSF1, PSF3, PSF4 and PSF7 and sampling were done at seven incubation times (0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days). The results showed that P solubilization and pH of medium significantly (P <0.001) influenced by insoluble phosphate sources, microbial isolates and incubation time. So that the maximum release of soluble P (636 µg ml-1) was observed by strain PSF1 from TCP source. Furthermore, the PSF1 strain on the day-12 showed the highest solubilized P (570 µg ml-1) compared to other strains. Negative significant correlation was observed between medium pH and dissolved. The pH levels in treatment inoculated with strain PSF1 on TCP (approximately 4 units) showed the highest pH decrement compared to other strains and control media. Highest decline of pH was observed in day-12 (pH = 3.90) by the same strain, while the pH in the control treatments unvaried. 

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