نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی علوم خاک پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی علوم خاک پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

         زئولیت از جمله کانی­های طبیعی است که دارای ارزش غذایی می­باشد. ارائه ترکیبات و فرمولاسیون­های جدید کودی متناسب با نیاز کشاورزی پایدار و ارگانیک از جمله ضرورتهای جامعه امروزی محسوب می­گردد. به منظور بررسی تاثیر مقادیر مختلف زئولیت غنی­ شده ( با ماده آلی و برخی عناصر غذایی ) بر عملکرد ماده خشک، اجزای عملکرد و جذب عناصر غذایی در دو رقم ذرت سینگل کراس (704 و 260) آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 3 تکرار به صورت گلدانی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی گروه مهندسی زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه تهران اجرا گردید. فاکتورها شامل دو رقم ذرت ( دانه‎ای و علوفه­ای) و 4 سطح زئولیت بود. در این آزمایش زئولیت غنی شده (با نیتروژن، فسفر و ماده آلی) در 4 سطح شامل صفر ( شاهد)، 5، 10 و 15 درصد وزنی قبل از کشت گیاه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. پس از گذشت 70 روز از کاشت گیاه و پایان دوره رویشی، عملکرد ماده خشک تولیدی ریشه و بخش هوایی و اجزای عملکرد از جمله، وزن­تر ریشه و بخش هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه ،کلروفیل (SPAD)، مساحت برگ و میزان جذب عناصر غذایی پرمصرف فسفر و پتاسیم و عناصر کم مصرف مس و روی (به دلیل نقش­های مهم تغذیه­ای و ارزیابی تاثیر کاربرد زئولیت غنی شده) اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر زئولیت غنی شده روی تمام صفات اندازه­گیری شده در سطح 1 درصد معنی­دار بود. اثر رقم به غیر از ارتفاع گیاه روی سایر صفات معنی­دار شد (P<0.01). مقایسه میانگین تیمارها نشان داد تیمار کاربرد 10و 15 درصد وزنی زئولیت غنی شده برای هر دو رقم به ترتیب بهترین و ضعیف­ترین پاسخ­های گیاهی را حاصل کرد. کاربرد سطح دوم(10درصد) زئولیت سبب بیشترین مقدار جذب فسفر و پتاسیم در ذرت رقم سینگل کراس 704 به ترتیب به میزان 081/0 و 74/1 گرم بر گلدان گردید. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق و با توجه به اهمیت میزان ماده خشک در ارزیابی عملکرد گیاه ذرت، مصرف زئولیت غنی شده به عنوان یک ترکیب کودی و ماده بهساز، پس از انجام تحقیقات تکمیلی و مزرعه­ای توصیه می­شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Levels of Enriched Zeolite on Dry Matter, Yield Components and Nutrient Uptake in Two Cultivars of Corn (Zea maize, cv.260 and 704)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Babak Motesharezadeh 1
  • Hemayat Asgari Lajayer 2

1 Assistant Professor of Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran

2 Former Graduate Student, Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Zeolite is one the natural minerals that has nutrition value. Providing novel compounds and formulations accordance with the sustainable/organic agriculture is one the major needs in today’s societies. In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of enriched zeolite (with organic matters and several nutrients) on dry matter yield, yield components, and nutrient uptake in two maize varieties Single Cross (SC) (704 and 260), an factorial experiment was carried out with the basis of completely randomized design with three replications and four treatments in the pots at the research greenhouse of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, University of Tehran, Karaj. In this experiment, enriched zeolite with nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and organic matter was used in four levels including 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 percent by weight before planting. After 70 days from planting i.e. finishing vegetative stage, dry matter of root and shoot were measured as well as some other yield components including fresh weights of root and shoot, plant height, chlorophyll (SPAD), leaf area, uptake of macronutrients amounts of phosphorous and potassium, micronutrients uptake of copper and zinc. The results showed that the effect of enriched zeolite on all measured indices were significant at 1% level. Cultivar effects on other indices were significant at 1% level (p<0.01), except for plant height. The treatments mean comparison showed that the treatments of 10 and 15% by weight enriched zeolite for both cultivars had the best and the weakest outcomes, respectively. The second application of zeolite (10%) led to the highest amounts of phosphorous and potassium uptake in 704 (SC) variety of maize by 0.081 and 1.74 g/pot, respectively. According to the obtained results from this study, and considering the importance of dry matter amount in evaluating maize yield, the use of enriched zeolite as a fertilizer compound and optimizer substance after complementary researches is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • zeolite
  • Corn
  • Yield
  • nutrient
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