نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیئت علمی گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه یاسوج

2 دانش آموخته ارشد دانشگاه یاسوج

3 دانشگاه یاسوج

4 دانشکده کشاورزی داراب

چکیده

پتاسیم و نیتروژن دو عنصر غذایی بوده که بیشترین نقش را در افزایش کمی و کیفی برنج ایفا می‌نماید. این عنصر نیز همانند نیتروژن به مقدار زیادی، توسط گیاه برنج جذب می‌شود. ارزیابی وضعیت عناصر غذایی در خاک از نقطه نظر تغذیه‌ای، زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی حائز اهمیت است. این تحقیق با هدف مقایسه 11 عصاره گیر مختلف به منظور تعیین عصاره‌گیرهای مناسب جهت برآورد پتاسیم قابل جذب برنج در 11 نمونه خاک انتخابی (از مجموع 40 خاک) استان کهگیلویه و بویر احمد انجام شد. بذرهای برنج در سه تکرار در گلدان‌های یک و نیم کیلوگرمی به مدت 10 هفته کشت و سپس برداشت شدند. میزان پتاسیم گیاه برنج به کمک اسیدکلریک 1 نرمال عصاره‏گیری شد. پتاسیم قابل جذب خاک به وسیله عصاره‌گیرهای استات آمونیوم 1 مولار، کلرید سدیم 1 و 2 مولار، اسید سولفوریک 025/0 مولار، کلرید باریم 1/0 مولار، کلرید کلسیم 01/0 مولار، مورگان-ولف، AB-DTPA، استات سدیم 1 نرمال، استات منیزیم 1 مولار و اسیدکلریدریک 2‌ مولار اندازهگیری شد. بررسی نتایج ضرایب همبستگی عصاره‌گیرهای مختلف با میزان جذب پتاسیم توسط اندام‌ هوایی گیاه برنج حاکی از آن بود که بیشترین همبستگی با جذب گیاهی مربوط به عصاره‏گیر استات سدیم و استات آمونیوم بوده (r به ترتیب 85/0 و 73/0) و پس از آن‌ها عصاره‌گیرهای مورگان و سدیم کلرید 2 مولار قرار دارند. کمترین مقدار همبستگی مربوط به عصاره‏گیر کلرید کلسیم بوده‏ است. بنابراین عصاره‌گیرهای استات سدیم و استات آمونیوم به ترتیب با توجه به سادگی و اقتصادی بودن، سرعت عصاره گیری و بالا بودن ضریب همبستگی با جذب توسط برنج جهت تعیین پتاسیم قابل دسترس در خاک‌های مورد نظر توصیه می‌گردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of some extractants for extracting available potassium for rice in some soils of Kohgiluyeh Province

نویسنده [English]

  • Hamidreza Owliaie 1

چکیده [English]

Potassium and nitrogen are two major nutrients, have important role in increasing rice quantity and quality. Potassium like nitrogen is taken up in large amount by rice. Evaluation of nutrient status in soil is important from nutritional, environmental and economical aspects. This study was conducted in order to evaluate 11 different chemical extractants for determining suitable extractants for estimation of available potassium of rice in 11 selected soils of Kohgiluyeh Province. Rice seeds were cultivated in 1.5 kg pots in three replications and harvested after 10 weeks. Plant potassium was extracted with 1N HCl. Soil available potassium was extracted using 1M NH4OAC, 1 and 2M sodium chloride, 0.025 M sulfuric acid, 0.1M barium chloride, 0.01M calcium chloride, Morgan-Wolf, AB-DTPA, 1N NaOAC, 1M magnesium acetate and 2M Hydrochloric acid. The amount of K extracted by 1N NaOAC and 1N NH4OAC, was significantly (r=0.85** and 0.73**, respectively) correlated with K concentration, followed by Morgan and 2N NaCl. The lowest correlation is belonged to 1N HCl. Therefore, due to the simplicity and economy, the rate of extraction and the high correlation, extractants of 1N NaOAC and 1N NH4OAC are recommended as suitable extractants for determining the available K uptake by rice in the soil studied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rice
  • Soil
  • available potassium
  • extractant
References
Amiri M., Doroudi S., and Fallah V.M. 1996. Potassium Quantity-Intensity of some soils of Khorasan. Technical and Research Bulletin of Water and Soil Institute, 9: 74-89. (In Persian).
Amiri B., and Soleymaani A. 2006. Fundamental of rice cultivation. Arvij Press, 303 p. (In Persian).
Barrow N.J., and Shaw T.C. 1992. The slow reactions between soil and anions: II. Effect of time and temperature on the decrease in phosphate concentration in the soil solution. Soil Science, 119: 167-177.
Beegle D.B., and Oravec T.C. 1990. Comparison of field calibrations for Mehlich 3 P and K with Bray-Kurtz P1 and ammonium acetate K for corn. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 21: 1025- 1036.
Bouyoucos G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 54: 464–465.
Carey P.L., and Metherell A.K. 2003. Rates of release of nonexchangeable potassium in New Zealand and soils measured by a modified sodium tetra phenyl boron method. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 46: 185–197.
Chen S., Low P.F., and Roth C.B. 1987. Relation between potassium fixation and oxidation state of octahedral iron. Soil Science Society American Journal, 51: 82-86.
Corey R.B., and Brown J.R. 1987. Soil testing procedures, sampling, correlation, calibration, and interpretation. Soil Science Society America, Madison, WI, pp. 15-22.
Dhillon S.K., and Dhillon K.S. 1990. Kinetics of release of non-exchangeable potassium by cation-saturated resins from Red (Alfisols), Black (Vertisols) and Alluvial (Inceptisols) soils of India. Geoderma, 47: 283-300.
Dobermann A., Cassman K.G., Mamari C.P., and Sheehy J.E. 1998. Management of phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur in intensive, irrigated lowland rice. Field Crops Research, 56: 113-118.
Ebrahimi S., Bahrami H.A., and Malakouti M.J. 2005. The role of organic matters on the improvement of soil C/N ratio. Technical Bulletin No. 448. Sana Publication, Iran, 21p. (In Persian).
Ehlken S., and Kirchner G. 2002. Environmental processes affecting plant root uptake of radioactive trace elements and variability of transfer factor data: a review. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 58:  97–112.
Grzebisz W., and Oertli J.J. 1993. Evaluation of universal extractants for determining plant available potassium in intensively cultivated soils. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 24(11-12): 1295-1308.
Haby V.A., Russelle M.P., and Skogley E.O. 1990. Testing soils for potassium, calcium and magnesium. In: Westerman, R.L. (Ed.). Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. 3rd edition. Soil Science Society America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. pp. 181-227.
Hanlon E.A., and Johnson G.V. 1984. Bray/Kurtz, Mehlich 3, AB/DTPA and ammonium acetate extraction of P, K, and Mg in four Oklahoma soils. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 15(3):277-294.
Hosseinpur A.R., and Motaghian H.R. 2013. Application of kinetic models in describing soil potassium release characteristics and their correlations with potassium extracted by chemical methods. Pedosphere, 23(4): 482-492.
Hosseinpur A., and Zarenia M. 2012. Evaluating chemical extractants to estimate available potassium for pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in some calcareous soils. Plant and Soil Environment, 58: 42-48.
Hosseinpour A., Kalbasi M., and Khademi H. 2000. Kinetics of nonexchangeable K release in soil and soil components of Gilan province. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 14: 99-113. (In Persian)
Jalali M. 2005. Release kinetics of non-exchangeable potassium in calcareous soils. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36: 1903-1917.
Jalali M. 2001. Potassium Quantity-Intensity of some soils of Hamadan. Proceeding of 7th Soil Congress of Iran, 26-29 Aug., Shahrekord University. (In Persian)
Jones J.B. 1990. Universal soil extractants: their composition and use. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 21: 1091-1101.
Kavoosi M., and Kalbasi M. 1998. Comparison of soil potassium extracting methods to determine suitable extractants for Sepidrood rice variety in some Guilan rice paddy fields. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 3 (4):57-70. (In Persian)
Kumari P.P., and Aiver R.S. 1993. Soil test and crop response studies for potassium in laterite/red loam soils of Kerala. Journal of Potassium Research, 9: 62-65.
Knudsen D., Peterson G.A., and Pratt P.E. 1982. Lithium, sodium and potassium. In: A. L. page (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis-Part 2, Agron. Monogr. 9, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 225-246.
Lancaster J.D. 1990. Mississippi soil test methods and interpretation. Mississippi Agric. Exp. Stn. Mimeo.
Liu L., and Bates T.E. 1990 Evaluation of soil extractants for prediction of plant available potassium in Ontario soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 70: 607-615.
Lopez-Pinerio A., and Garcia Navarro A. 1997. Potassium release kinetics and availability in unfertilized Vertisols of southwestern Spain. Soil Science, 162(12):912 918.
Malakouti M.J., and Homaee M. 2005. Soil fertility of arid and semi-arid regions "Difficulties and Solutions". 2nd Ed. Tarbiat Modares University Press, Tehran, Iran, 508p. (In Persian)
Mengel K., and Kirkby E.A. 2001. Principles of Plant Nutrition. 5th Ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Mengel K., and Uhlenbecker K. 1993. Determination of available interlayer potassium and its uptake by rye grass. Soil Science Society American Journal, 57: 761-766.
Mutscher H. 1995. Measurement and Assessment of Soil Potassium. IPI Research Topics 4. International Potash Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Nath A.K., and Purkaystha S. 1988. A study on soil test and crop response in respect of potassium in acid alluvial soils of Assam. Journal of Indian Society Soil Science, 36(1): 120-124.
Owliaie H.R. 2005. Clay mineralogy, micromorphology and genesis of the soils of Kohgilouye Province, Southwestern Iran. Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 235p. (In Persian)
Richards L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. U. S. Salinity Laboratory Staff. USDA. Hand book No. 60. Washington, D C, USA, 160 p.
Richards J.E., and Bates T.E. 1988. Studies on the potassium-supplying capacities of southern Ontario soils. II. Nitric acid extraction of nonexchangeable K and its availability to crops.Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 68: 199- 208.
Richards J.E. and Bates T.E. 1989. Studies on the potassium supplying capacities of southern Ontario soils. III. Measurement of available K. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 69:597-610.
Rowell D.L. 1999. Methods and Applications. Longman Group, Harlow. Soil Science, 345p.
Sadeghi Sh. 2014. Evaluation of potassium status and some available potassium extractants for wheat in selected soils of Kohgilouye Province. M.Sc. thesis, Soil Science Dept. Yasouj University, 88p. (In Persian)
Sharifi M., and Kalbasi M. 2001. Selection of suitable extractant to extract available potassium for corn in soils of central region of Isfahan province. Science and Technology Agriculture and Natural Resource, 5(1): 77-91. (In Persian)
Shokri Vahed H., Kavousi M., and Mojalali H. 1997. Laboratory and field evaluation of different extractants to determine available potassium for lowland rice. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 38(2): 191-202. (In Persian)
Simard R.R., and Zizka J. 1994. Evaluating plant available potassium with strontium chloride. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 25: 1779-1789
Sparks D.L. 2000. Bioavailability of soil potassium. In: Sumner, M.E. (Ed.), Handbook of Soil Science, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL.
Steffens D., and Sparks D.L. 1997. Kinetics of nonexchangeable ammonium release from soils. Soil Science Society American Journal, 61: 455–462.
Tamhane R.V., and Subbiah B.C. 1992. Correlation of soil tests with pot and field trials in the evaluation of soil fertility. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 8(3): 5-14.
Tributh H., Boguslawski E.V., Liers A.V., Steffens D., and Mengel K. 1987. Effect of potassium removal by crops on transformation of illite clay minerals. Soil Science, 143: 404–409.
Xie J.C. 1989. A study on soil testing and fertilization recommendations for rice crop. In: soils and their management. A Sino-European perspective, pp. 233-249.