اثرات استفاده از برخی به‌سازهای آلی و گچ در یک خاک شور و سدیمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران و کارشناس فضای سبز شهرداری کرج.

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

اصلاح خاک‌های شور و سدیمی معمولاً از طریق آبشویی نمک اضافی و به روش‌های شیمیایی، فیزیکی و زیستی و همچنین با استفاده از به‌سازهای معدنی و آلی انجام می‌شود. آزمایش انکوباسیون با استفاده از ستون‌هایی از جنس پلی اتیلن جهت بررسی اثر کاربرد 4 به‌ساز آلی و معدنی در یک خاک شور و سدیمی (dS.m-1 7/18EC= و 33SAR=) انجام شد. تیمارها شامل؛ کود سبز، کود دامی، بقایای گیاهی، گچ و شاهد بودند. جهت آبیاری ستون‌ها از آب منطقه مورد مطالعه با dS.m-1 19/2EC= استفاده شد. تغییرات برخی از شاخص‌های شوری و سدیمی و غلظت عناصر در نمونه‌های خاک ستون‌ها در فواصل 40، 80، 120 و 160 روز در عمق‌های 10-0، 20-10 و 30-20 سانتی‌متر اندازه‌گیری و مقایسه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای آلی به ویژه کود سبز در مقایسه با شاهد در طی دوره ماند pH خاک را به‌طور معنی‌داری (P<0.01) کاهش دادند. کاربرد همه به‌سازها EC خاک را در مقایسه با شاهد به‌طور معنی‌داری (P<0.01) افزایش دادند. بیشترین مقدار EC در تیمار کود سبز و بعد از آن به‌ترتیب در گچ، بقایای گیاهی و کود دامی مشاهده شد. گچ و کود سبز در مقایسه با شاهد SAR خاک را به‌طور معنی‌داری (P<0.01) کاهش دادند که گچ موثرترین تیمار بود. کاربردکود دامی تغییری در SAR خاک نشان نداد ولی بقایای گیاهی نسبت به شاهد SAR را به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. در تیمار گچ و کود سبز، غلظت کلسیم و منیزیم در محلول خاک به طور معنی‌داری (P<0.01) افزایش مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of some organic amendments and gypsum application in a saline and sodic soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini 1
  • Tahereh Moslemi Kalvani 2
  • Arzhang Fathi Gerdelidani 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Ph.d student
چکیده [English]

Remediation of Saline and sodic soils is usually done using leaching of excess salt and physical, chemical and biological methods and by application of mineral and organic amendments. An incubation experiment using poly ethylene columns was conducted to study the effect of using four organic and mineral amendments in a saline sodic soil (SAR=33, EC= 18.7 dS.m-1). The treatments included: green manure, ‌‌ animal manure, plant residue and gypsum along with control. The water from the area (Akhtar Abad) was used to irrigate the columns. Change in some salinity and sodicity indices and the concentration of some elements in soil solution were measured and compared in soil sub-samples at 40, 80, 120, 160 days of incubation and for 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depths. The results indicated that all organic amendments especially green manure decreased soil pH compared to control (P<0.01). Application of all amendments increased soil EC compared to control (P<0.01). Highest EC was in green manure followed by gypsum, plant residue and animal manure, respectively. The gypsum and green manure decreased the SAR in soil compared to control (P<0.01). The animal manure treatment did not change SAR but the plant residue treatment significantly increased SAR. In the gypsum and green manure treatments the concentration of Ca and Mg in soil solution increased significantly (P<0.01).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Column experiment
  • Manure
  • remediation
  • green manure
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