نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

هیات علمی/دانشگاه ملایر

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور مطالعه‌ی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و کانی‌شناسی رس در خاک‌های شالیزاری دشت سیلاخور دورود در استان لرستان انجام گرفت. هفت خاک‌رخ با کاربری شالیزار تشریح و نمونه‌برداری شد و خاک‌رخ‌ها در راستهی اینسپتی‌سولز و انتی سولز رده‌بندی شدند. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، بافت این خاک‌ها به دلیل شرایط غرقاب به سمت سنگین‌ شدن پیش رفت. pH همه‌ی نمونه‌های خاک بسیار نزدیک به خنثی بود، شرایط احیای حاکم بر شالیزار، باعث خنثی شدن واکنش در آن‌ها شد. هدایت الکتریکی خاک‌رخها با افزایش عمق کاهش یافته که به دلیل شرایط غرقاب در افق‌های سطحی و تجمع اکسید‌های آهن و منگنز دو ظرفیتی در این افق‌ها می‌باشد. مقدار آهک خاک‌رخ‌ها با افزایش عمق و نزدیک‌تر شدن به مواد مادری، افزایش یافت. در اغلب خاک‌رخ‌ها مقدار ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی در افق‌های سطحی نسبت به افق‌های تحتانی بیشتر بود، دلیل آن بالاتر بودن میزان درصد مواد آلی در افق‌های سطحی بود. بالا بودن درصد ماده‌ی آلی در تمام افق‌های سطحی به دلیل اکسایش کمتر بقایای گیاهی در شرایط بی‌هوازی است. کانی‌های غالب در اکثر خاک‌رخ‌ها به ترتیب کلریت، اسمکتیت، ورمی‌کولیت و ایلیت بوده و علاوه بر آن پالی‌گورسکیت، کائولینیت و کانی‌های مختلط نیز با مقدار ناچیز مشاهده شدند. در بین آن‌ها کلریت، ایلیت، کائولینیت و پالی‌گورسکیت کاملا دارای منشاء موروثی بودند و منشاء اسمکتیت هم‌چنین می‌تواند در اثر تبدیل و تغییر ایلیت ‌و پالی‌گورسکیت باشد. ایجاد شرایط غرقاب باعث افزایش مقدار کلریت در خاک‌های شالیزار شد. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که نوع کانیهای رسی تحت شرایط غرفاب تغییر نمی کند. و تنها میزان درصد نسبی آنها تغییر می کند. نتایج نشان داد که که حالت غرقاب در شالیزارها شرایط را برای پایدار ماندن ورمی‌کولیت فراهم کرده است. شرایط غرقاب طولانی مدت در منطقه کیفیت خاک را تحت تاثیر قرار داده، و در این مناطق تناوب کشت پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of waterlogging cultivation on physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of paddy soils in Doroud area, Lorestan Province

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and clay mineralogy in paddy soils of Doroud region in Lorestan province. Seven profiles were sampled and described and all soil profiles were classified in Inceptisols and Entisols orders. According to the results, clay content of soils due to waterlogging was high. Due to the reduction Conditions, pH of all soil samples was nearly neutral. Due to the flooding and accumulation of oxides of bivalent iron and manganese in the upper horizons of soils, the electrical conductivity (EC) was higher compared to the lower horizons. With increasing depth and getting closer to native materials, lime percentage was increased too. In most profiles due to the higher percentage of organic matter in the surface horizons, cation exchange capacity in the surface horizons was more than the lower horizons. The amount of organic matter was high in the surface horizons because of the less oxidation of plant residues in anaerobic conditions. The most clay minerals were chlorite, smectite, vermiculite, and illite respectively. Palygorskite, kaolinite and mixed minerals had very low content. Chlorite, illite, kaolinite and palygorskite often were inherited. The source of smectite can be also transformation of illite or palygorskite, under waterlogging condition. The puddling condition increased the amount of chlorite in paddy soils. The results showed that the type of clay minerals didn't vary in paddy soils and their relative percentage varied. The waterlogging provid conditions for sustainable of vermiculite in paddy soils. The long term waterlogging condition affected soil quality in this area, and however cultivation rotation suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Clay mineralogy
  • paddy soils
  • Chlorite
  • Vermiculite
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