تأثیر شوری ناشی از کلرید سدیم و بور آب آبیاری بر عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی پرمصرف گیاه خرفه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشیار دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

امروزه با افزایش جمعیت و نیاز بیشتر به مواد غذایی بهره‌برداری از زمین‌های شور که بخش زیادی از مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک را در برگرفته است، امری اجتناب ناپذیر است. خرفه گیاهی است هالوفیت، یکساله و علفی که به خوبی در خاک‌های شور رشد می‌کند. بور از عناصر ضروری در گیاهان است و به مقدار کم مورد نیاز گیاهان است. با توجه به وسعت زمین‌های شور در ایران، گیاه خرفه این پتانسیل را دارد که به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی، سبزی و حتی علوفه در منابع خاک و آب شور مورد کشت قرار گیرد به منظور بررسی تأثیر شوری ناشی از کلرید سدیم و میزان بور آب آبیاری بر جذب عناصر غذایی گیاه خرفه، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 35 تیمار و سه تکرار به صورت گلخانه‌ای اجرا گردید. سطوح شوری ناشی از کلرید سدیم آب آبیاری شامل 5/0(شاهد)، 5/2، 5، 10، 15،20 و 25 دسی زیمنس بر متر و سطوح بور شامل صفر (شاهد)، 5/0، 1، 2و 4 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بودند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش میزان شوری ناشی از کلرید سدیم آب آبیاری تا 5/2 دسی زیمنس بر متر، وزن تر و خشک و همچنین غلظت عناصر کلسیم، منیزیم در بخش هوایی گیاه خرفه افزایش یافت ولی افزایش میزان شوری به بیش از این حد سبب کاهش این صفات شد. غلظت عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم در بخش هوایی گیاه با افزایش شوری ناشی کلرید سدیم کاهش یافت. با افزایش سطوح بور وزن تر و خشک بخش هوایی و غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم در بخش هوایی گیاه خرفه کاهش ولی غلظت عنصر فسفر افزایش یافت. با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه کشت گیاه خرفه در مناطقی که شوری نسبتاٌ بالا (5/2 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و بور آن کم باشد توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of sodium chloride induced salinity and boron of irrigation water on yield and concentration of macro nutrients in purslane

نویسنده [English]

  • mosayeb vafaee 1
1
2
چکیده [English]

With increasing the population of the world and demand for more food, utilization of saline soils, which include covers a large area of the arid and semiarid regions, is inevitable. Purslane is a halophyte and annual herbaceous plant that grows well in saline soils. Boron (B) is an essential element in plants. According to the extent of saline land in Iran, Purslane has the potential as a medicinal plant, vegetable and forage to be cultivated in saline soil and water resources. To evaluate the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl induced salinity and B levels of irrigation water on growth and nutrient absorption of purslane, a factorial experiment was based on a completely randomized design with 35 treatments and three replications and total of 105 units was conducted in the greenhouse. NaCl induced salinity and B levels of irrigation respectively water were 0.5 as control, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 dS/m and 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/l, respectively. The results showed that with increasing NaCl induced salinity up to 2.5 dS/m, wet and dry weight and the concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) increased in aerial plant part but higher levels of salinity reduced these characteristics. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in aerial part decreased with increasing NaCl induced salinity. With increasing B levels of irrigation water, wet and dry weight and the concentration of N, P, Ca and Mg in aerial plant part reduced; whereas concentration of P increased in aerial part of pursalne. According to the results of this study, Purslane cultivation is recommended in areas with relatively high salinity (2.5 dS. m -1) and B is low.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Boron
  • Sodium Chlorid
  • Macronutrients
  • Purslane
  • Yield

مراجع

Reference
Aduayi E. A. 1978. Role of boron on growth components and elemental composition of plum tomato. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 9: 1-11.
Alpaslan M., and Gunes A. 2001. Interactive effects of boron and salinity stress on the growth, membrance permeability and mineral composition of tomato and cucumber plant. Plant and Soil,236: 123-128.
Alvarez M.C., Leal A., Agui I., and Recalde-Martinez L. 1979. Physiological effects of B-Mn interaction in tomato plants. The uptake and translocation of microelements. Analse de Edafologiay Agrobiologia, 38: 1013-1029.
Ben-Gal A., and Shani U. 2002. Yield, transpiration and growth of tomatoes under combined excess boron and salinity stress. Plant and Soil, 247: 211-221.
Bohra, J. S., and Doerffling, K. 1993. Potassium nutrition of rice Varieties under NaCl salinity. Plant and Soil Science. 152: 299-303.
Bremner, J. M., & Mulvaney, C. S. 1982. Nitrogen Total. In: Page et al., Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties,pp. 595-624.
Castro J., and Sotomayor C. 1997. The influence of boron and zinc sprays at bloom time on almond fruit set. In: II International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds, 470: 402-405.
Cristobal J.C., Rodriguez M.B.H., Beato V.M., Rexach J., Gochicoa M.T.N., Maldonado J.M., and Fontes A.G. 2008. The expression of several cell wall- related genes in Arabidopsis roots is down-regulated under boron deficiency. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63(1): 351-358.
Demir Kaya M., Gamze Okc U., Atak M., and Yakup C. 2006. Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower. European Journal of Agronomy, 24: 291-295.
Eraslan F., Inal A., Gunes A., and Alpaslam M. 2007. Boron toxicity alters nitrate redcoats activity, proline accumulation membrance permeability and mineral constituents of tomato and pepper plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30:981-994.
Gee G.W., and Bauder J.W. 1979. Particle size analysis by hydrometer: a simplified method for routine textural analysis and a sensitivity test of measurement parameters. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43(5): 1004-1007.
Green H., and Munns R. 1998. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in non-halophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiologhy, 81: 149-190.
Gupta U.C. 1991. Boron, molybdenum and selenium status in different plant parts in forage legumes and vegtable crops. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 14: 613-621.
Gupta U.C., James Y. W., Cambell C.A., Leyshon A. J., and Nicholaichuk W. 1985. Boron toxicity and deficiency. Canada Journal Soil, 65: 381-409.
Hasegawa P.M., Bressan R., Zhu J.K., and Bohnert H.j. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual Review of Plant Physiology Plant Molecular Biology, 51: 463-499.
Helmke P.H., and Spark D.L. 1996. Potassium. In: Sparks D.L. and Page A.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. SSSA, Inc. Madison, WI pp. 551-574..
Ilahi I., Hossain F., and Khan M. 1994. The effect of salinity and macronutrient level on Wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 20: 1169-1182. (In Persian) 
Janzen H.H., and Chang C. 1987. Cation nutrition of barley as influenced by soil solution composition in a saline soil. Canadian Journal Soil Science, 67: 619-629.
Josten, P. and Kutschera U. 1990. The micronutrient boron causes the development of adventitious roots in sunflower cuttings. Annals of Botany, 84: 337-342.
Kafi U., Valores N., and Letery J. 1982. Choloride interaction with nitrate and P nutrition in tomato. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 5: 1369-1385.
Khan M.A., and Gulzar S. 2003. Germination responses of Sporobolus ioclados: A saline desert grass. Journal of Arid Environments, 55: 453–464. (In Persian) 
Khan M.A., and Weber D.J. 2006. Ecophysiology of High Salinity Tolerant Plants (Tasks for Vegetation Science). Springer, Netherlands, 399p.
Loeppert R.H., and Suarez D.L. 1996. Carbonate and Gypsum. In: Sparks D.L. et al. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. SSSA, Inc. ASA, Inc. Madison, WI. Pp. 437-474
Mamta J.B, Ashish D.P, Pranali M.B., and Pandey A.N, 2008. Effect of soil salinity on growth, water status and nutrient accumulation in seedlings of Ziziphus mauitiana (Rhamnaceae). Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 16: 383-401.
McLean E.O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page et al., Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2,  Chemical and Microbiological Properties, pp. 199-224.
Mouhtaridou G. N., Sotiropoulos T.E., Dimassi K.N., and Therios I.N. 2004. Effects of boron on growth, cholorophyl and mineral contents of shoots of the apple rootstock. Biologia Plantarum, 48: 617-619.
Munns R. 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytologist, 167: 645-663.
Munns R., Tonnet M.L., shennan C., and Gardner P. 1988. Effect of high external NaCl concentration on ion transport within the shoot of Lupinus albus. Ions in phloem sap. Plant, Cell and Environment, 11: 283-289.
Olsen S.R., and Sommers L.E. 1982. Phosphorus. In: Page A.L., Miller R.H. and Keeney D.R. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society of Agronomy. Inc. Soil Science of America. Inc. Madison. Wisconsin. USA. pp. 539-579
Omara-alwala T. R., Mebrahtu T., Prior D.E., and Ezekwe M.O. 1991. Omega-three fatty acids in purslane tissues. Journal of the American oil chemists Society, 68: 198-199.
Othman Y., Al-Karaki A.R., and Al-Horani A. 2006. Variation in germination and ion uptake in barley genotypes under salinity condition. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2: 11-15.
Patel M.S. and Golakiya B.A. 1986. Effect of calcium carbonate and boron application on yield and nutrient uptake by groundnut. Journal of the IndianSociety of Soil. Science, 34:815-820. 
Poljakoff-Mayber A., Somers G.F., Werker E., and Gallagher J. L. 1994. Seeds of Kosteletzkya virginica (Malvaceae): their structure, germination, and salt tolerance. II. Germination and salt tolerance. American Journal of Botany, 81:54-59.
Rhoades, J. D., Shouse, P. J., Alves, W. J., Manteghi, N. A., & Lesch, S. M. 1990. Determining soil salinity from soil electrical conductivity using different models and estimates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54(1):46-54.
Serrano R., Culianz-Macia F.A. and Moreno V. 1998. Genetic engineering of salt and drought tolerance with yeast regulatory genes. Scientia Horticulturae, 78(1): 261-269.
Singh V. and Singh S. P. 1983. Effect of applied boron on the chemical composition of lentil plants. Indian Journal of Soil Science, 31: 169-170.
Smith T.E., Grattan S. R., Grieve C.M., Poss J.A., and Suarez D. L. 2010. Salinity is influence on boron toxicity in broccoli. Agriculture Water Management, 97: 783-791.
Steinberg R.A. 1955. Effect of boron deficiency on nicotine formation in tobacco. Plant Physiology, 30: 68-84.
Tariq M., and Mott C.J.B. 2006. Effect of boron supply on the uptake of micronutrients by radish. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 1: 1-8.
Tripler E., BenGal A., and Shani U. 2007. Consequence of salinity and excess boron on growth, evapotranspiration and ion uptake in date palm. Plant and Soil, 297: 147-155
Valmis J., and Ulrich A. 1971. Boron nutrition in the growth and sugar content of sugar beets. American Journal. Sugarbeet Technology, 16: 428-439.
Walkley A. and Black I.A. 1934. Examination of the degtnjareff method determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 34: 29-38
Westerma R.E.L. 1990. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal.Madison Wisconsin, USA, 784p.
Yazici I., Turkan I., Sekmen A.H., and Demiral T. 2007. Salinity tolerance of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is achieved by enhanced antioxidative system, lower level of lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61(1): 49-57.
Zuazo V.D., Raya A.M., Ruiz J.A., and Tarifa D.F. 2004. Impact of salinity on macro-and micronutrients uptake in mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Osteen) with different rootstocks. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2: 121-133.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 مهر 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 مرداد 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار