نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علــوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

مواد آلی و ریز­جانداران حلّالیت و تحرک عناصر غذایی در ریزوسفر را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و زیست­فراهمی عناصر غذایی گیاه را بهبود می­بخشند. به­منظور ارزیابی تأثیر کاربرد بیوچار، کمپوست ضایعات هرس درختان سیب و انگور و باکتری‌های ریزوسفری محرّک رشد (PGPR) بر قابلیت جذب عناصر پرمصرف در خاک آهکی آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل با طرح کاملاً تصادفی در شرایط گلخانه­ای در رایزوباکس اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل ماده آلی (بیوچار، کمپوست ضایعات هرس و شاهد)، تلقیح میکروبی (باکتری­هایPGPR  و عدم تلقیح) و خاک (خاک ریزوسفر و غیرریزوسفر) بودند. در پایان دوره رشد، pH، هدایت الکتریکی (EC)، کربن آلی (OC) و فراهمی عناصر پرمصرف در خاک­های ریزوسفری و غیرریزوسفری و غلظت این عناصر در گیاه اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین میزان pH در تیمار بیوچار بدون تلقیح میکروبی (88/7) بود. مقدار  ECو فراهمی N، P و K در تیمار کمپوست همراه با تلقیح باکتری­های PGPR بطور معنی­داری بالاتر از سایر تیمار­ها بود. بیش‌ترین درصد کربن ­آلی در تیمار کمپوست عدم تلقیح بود که نسبت به تیمار تلقیح میکروبی 78/9 درصد افزایش داشت. هم‌چنین کمپوست در مقایسه با بیوچار مقادیر بیش‌تری از EC، OC، N، P و K در ریزوسفر و غیرریزوسفر را فراهم کرده که نشان­دهنده بالاتر بودنEC ، OC و محتوای عناصر غذایی کمپوست مصرفی بود. باکتری­های PGPR فراهمی P وK  را به‌ترتیب 21/1 و 26/1 برابر در خاک غیرریزوسفر نسبت به ریزوسفر افزایش داد. در حالی­که مقدار EC،  OCو N در تیمار تلقیح باکتری‌هایPGPR  در ریزوسفر به‌ترتیب 22/1، 24/1 و 19/1 برابر بیش‌تر از غیرریزوسفر بود. جذب بیش‌تر N، P و  K توسط گیاه در تلقیح باکتریایی بیوچار سبب افزایش بترتیب 60/48، 55/32 و 16/32 درصدی نسبت به شاهد شد. با اساس یافته‌ها، استفاده از باکتری­هایPGPR  و مقادیر مناسب بیوچار و کمپوست ضمن افزایش فراهمی عناصر پرمصرف در خاک جذب این عناصر برای گیاهان را بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Application of biochar and pruning waste compost with PGPR inoculation on macronutrient availability in wheat rhizosphere

نویسنده [English]

  • Roghayeh Vahedi 1

1 Graduate Student of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order toevaluate the effect of biochar, pruning waste compost of apple and grape trees and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on macronutrient uptake in calcareous soil, an experiment carried out in a completely randomized desig nunder greenhouse condition in rhizobox. The factors including the organic matter (pruning waste biochar, pruning waste compost and control), microbial inoculation (PGPR and Control (without microbial inoculation)) and soil (rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil). At the end of the growth period, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Organic carbon and availability of macronutrients in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and concentration macronutrients in the plant were determined. The results showed that the highest pH was in biochar (7.88) without microbial inoculation.The amount of EC, N, P and K in compost treatment with PGPR inoculation were significantly higher than other treatments.The highest organic carbon was observed in the non-inoculated compost, which increased to 78.9% in comparison with microbial inoculation treatment. Compost provided more contents of EC, OC, N, P and K in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere in comparison with biochar, it indicating higher EC, OC and nutrients content in the compost that was used. PGPR inoculation increased the availability of P and K by 1.21 and 1.26 times in non-rhiozosphere soil, compared to rhizosphere. However, EC, OC and N contents in the rhizosphere soil of the PGPR treatment were 1.22, 1.24 and 1.19 times higher than non-rhizosphere soil, respectively.The higher uptake of N, P and k by plant in inoculum of PGPR biochar increased 48.60, 32.55 and 32.16 % compared to the control, respectively.In general, according to the results of this study, it seems that using PGPR inoculation and appropriate amounts of biochar and compost, can improve macronutrients availibity in the soil, as well as uptake of these elements by plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • rhizospher
  • Organic matter
  • nutrient availiblity
  • PGPR
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