نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

3 دانشیار علوم خاک گرگان

چکیده

تغییر در عملیات مدیریتی نظیر روش‌های حفظ بقایای گیاهی و خاک‌ورزی مختلف، می‌تواند پویایی فسفر در خاک را تغییر داده و زیست فراهمی فسفر را بیافزاید. کشاورزی حفاظتی با حفظ بقایای گیاهی در سطح خاک و کاهش اختلاط خاک بر چرخه و لایه‌بندی فسفر در خاک تأثیر می‌نهد به‌گونه ای که بیشترین غلظت فسفر در لایه‌های فوقانی خاک خواهد بود. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثر خاک‌ورزی‌های مختلف بر شکل‌ها و توزیع فسفر آلی خاک با استفاده از روش عصاره‌گیری دنباله‌ای بود. بدین منظور نمونه‌برداری از دو عمق 8-0 و 16-8 سانتی‌متری از چهار روش خاک‌ورزی مختلف (مرسوم، بستر برآمده، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی) بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در 5 تکرار صورت گرفت. برای جزءبندی فسفر آلی از روش بوومن و کول (Bowman & Cole, 1978) تغییر یافته استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که تغییر خاک‌ورزی از مرسوم به خاک‌ورزی‌های حفاظتی (بستر برآمده، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی) موجب افزایش معنی‌دار فسفر آلی در همه شکل‌ها (فسفر لبایل، فسفر نسبتا لبایل، فسفر غیرلبایل، فسفر باقی‌مانده) شد. همچنین میزان فسفر دانه گندم حدوداً 35 درصد در کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی نسبت به خاک‌ورزی مرسوم افزایش نشان داد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه گندم (21%) در کم‌خاک‌ورزی نسبت به خاک‌ورزی مرسوم مشاهده شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بهم‌خوردگی کم خاک در سیستم‌های بی‌خاک‌ورزی مقدار و توزیع شکل‌های فسفر در خاک را تغییر داد و منجر به ایجاد یک شیب غلظتی شد که با عمق خاک کاهش یافت. برعکس در سیستم‌های خاک‌ورزی سنتی و مرسوم، اختلاط بقایای گیاهی با لایه شخم خاک، سبب افزایش سرعت تجزیه مواد آلی و در نتیجه کاهش ذخیره شکل‌های لبایل و نسبتاً لبایل آلی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Different Tillage Managements on Soil Organic Phosphorus Forms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Mohammadi 1
  • Mojtaba Baranimotlagh 1
  • Mohammad Esmaeil Asadi 2
  • Seyed Alireza movahedi Naeini 3
  • Somayeh Sefidgar shahkolaie 1

1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan

2 Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center

3 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan

چکیده [English]

Changes in management practices like different soil tillage and keeping crop residues can be alter phosphorus (P) dynamics and increased P bioavailability. Conservation agriculture (CA), which reduces soil disturbance and keeps crop residues on the soil surface, affects the cycle and stratification of soil P, resulting a high P concentration in the upper layers of the soil. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in organic P fractions in a soil under different tillage managements using a sequential extraction procedure. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with 5 replications. Tillage treatments were: conventional tillage (CT), Raised Bed system (RB), Minimum Tillage (MT) and No-Tillage (NT) systems. Soil samples were taken from the 0–8 and 8-16 centimeters depths at all four tillage treatments. Organic P pools were fractionated at each depth using modified Bowman and Cole (1978) procedure. The results showed that the change in soil tillage from CT to CA (Raised Bed Tillage (RB), Minimum Tillage (MT) and No-Tillage (NT)) significantly increased the amount of all organic P forms (labile P, moderately labile P, and non-labile, residual P). Also, the P concentration of wheat grain in MT and NT showed increasement about 35% rather than the CT. In addition, the wheat grain yield was the highest in the MT and increased about 21% rather than to CT. The results of this research showed that low soil disturbance under NT has changed the concentration and distribution of P in the soil, leading to the establishment a P concentration gradient that decreases with soil depth. Conversely, under CT systems incorporation of plant residues within the soil plough layer increases the organic matter decomposition rate and reduces the storage of labile and moderately labile organic P fractions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservation Agriculture
  • Conventional Tillage
  • Phosphorus Forms
  • sequential extraction
  • Organic P
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