برآورد عامل فرسایش پذیری خاک مدل USLE و ارتباط آن با برخی از ویژگی‌های زمین منظر در بخشی از حوضه آبخیز نازلو چای ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

2 هیات علمی گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

فرسایش‌پذیری خاک، خصوصیتی پویاست که با زمان، رطوبت خاک، شخم، فعالیت حیوانات و فاکتورهای شیمیایی و زیستی تغییر می‌کند، در نتیجه افزایش آن، تهدیدی عمده برای پایداری و ظرفیت تولید زمین‌های کشاورزی محسوب می‌شود. این عامل که در مدل USLE به‌صورت فاکتور K یا عامل فرسایش‌پذیری نشان داده می‌شود پارامتری اثرگذار در فرسایش آبی است و تابعی از توزیع اندازه ذرات، ماده آلی، ساختمان و نفوذپذیری است. در پژوهش حاضر توزیع مکانی مقادیر فاکتور فرسایش‌پذیری مدل USLE، در بخشی از حوزه آبخیز نازلو چای ارومیه با استفاده از زمین‌آمار مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور نمونه‌برداری از خاک با فواصل منظم یک کیلومتری و در 64 نقطه انجام و بر اساس رابطه K در مدل USLE، مقدار آن محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان دادکه مقدار عامل K در محدوده 079/0 – 029/0 تن ساعت بر مگا ژول میلی‌متر متغیر است. تغییرات مکانی فاکتور K از مدل نمایی تبعیت نموده و استحکام فضایی متوسطی دارد. خاک‌های منطقه از نظر فرسایش‌پذیری در کلاس‌های فرسایش‌پذیری کم و خیلی کم قرار دارند. مقادیر کمّی فرسایش‌پذیری در کلاس‌های شیب مختلف متفاوت بوده و حداکثر آن در کلاس شیب 5 تا 8 درصد که مربوط به کاربری دیم می‌باشند مشاهده شد. همچنین مقادیر K در گروه‌های هیدرولوژیکی مختلف، متفاوت بوده و در گروه A کمترین مقدار و در گروه D بیشترین مقدار آن مشاهده شد. به‌نظر می‌رسد که مدیریت ناصحیح خاک در اراضی شیب‌دار و دیم، یکی از عوامل اصلی تخریب خاک و در نتیجه افزایش عامل فرسایش‌پذیری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Soil erodibility factor of USLE model and its relationship with landscape features in some parts of Nazzlo-Chay basin, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kamal Khosraviaqdam 1
  • Hamid Reza Momtaz 2
  • Farrokh Asadzadeh 2
1
2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
چکیده [English]

Soil erodibility is a dynamic aspect that varies over time and with plough, animal’s activities and biochemical factors resulting in a major environmental threat to the sustainability and productive capacity of agricultural areas. In Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), soil erodibility factor (K-factor), as an effective parameter in water erosion is a function of particle size distribution, organic matter, structure and permeability. In the present study, the spatial distribution of the amount of K-factor was investigated in the Nazlou Chai Watershed in Urmia, West Azerbaijan using geostatistics. Then soil samples were taken from 1 km by 1 km square grid over 64 location, and the amount of K-factor was calculated in the USLE model. The results showed that K-factor was ranged from 0.029 to 0.079 (T h MJ-1 mm -1). The spatial variation of K-factor was best fit to the exponential model and showed a moderate spatial structure. The studied soils were categorized in low and very low erodibility classes. The quantitative amounts of erodibility were categorized based on slope classes and the highest value observed for 5-8% slope that belongs to dry farming land use. Also K-factor showed various values in different hydrological groups, where group A showed the least and group D showed the highest amount. It seems that inappropriate soil management in both hilly areas and dry farming lands is one of the main causes of soil damage and an increase of soil erodibility.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Geostatistics
  • Soil Erosion
  • Soil Hydrological Groups
  • Mapping
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