تأثیر عناصر روی و منگنز بر عملکرد و ویژگی‌های کیفی سیر سفید همدان

مطلبی فرد, رحیم; بیات, فریبا

تأثیر عناصر روی و منگنز بر عملکرد و ویژگی‌های کیفی سیر سفید همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

² بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

بهدلیل اهمیت دارویی و غذایی سیر، مصرف جهانی آن رو به افزایش است. بنابراین، تولید محصولی با کیفیت بالاتر بر قابلیت بازارپسندی آن اثر قابل ملاحظه‌ای می‌گذارد. لذا جهت بررسی اثرهای عناصر روی و منگنز بر عملکرد، کیفیت و بازارپسندی سیر، این پژوهش به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل، در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی، با سه تکرار، در استان همدان و در طی سالهای 91-1389 اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل کود روی در چهار سطح (صفر، 20، 40 و 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی پودری 33 درصد (ZnSO₄. H₂O)) و کود منگنز در سه سطح (صفر، 20 و 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات منگنز 31 درصد (MnSO₄. H₂O)) بود. نتایج ادغام شده دو سال نشان داد اثر اصلی روی بر عملکرد سیر، مقدار روی برگ و سوخ، اسید پیرویک غیرآنزیمی و مواد جامد محلول در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنیدار شد. بیشترین عملکرد از تیمار مصرف 20 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی و به مقدار 7997 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین آن از تیمار عدم مصرف کود روی و به مقدار 6099 کیلوگرم در هکتار بهدست آمد. اثر اصلی منگنز بر عملکرد و غلظت مواد جامد محلول درسطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی‌دار شد و با افزایش مصرف منگنز، عملکرد روند افزایشی نشان داد. ولی اثر منگنز بر سایر فاکتورهای اندازهگیری شده معنیدار نگردید. اثر متقابل دو جانبه روی و منگنز بر تعداد سیرچهها و غلظت مواد جامد محلول معنیدار گردید. در مجموع، مصرف 20 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی و 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات منگنز برای افزایش عملکرد و بهبود برخی ویژگیهای کیفی سیر برای مناطق و شرایط مشابه با شرایط پژوهش حاضر، قابل توصیه میباشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Zinc and manganese nutrients influence on yield and some qualitative attributes of Hamedan white garlic

نویسندگان [English]

Rahim Motallebifard ¹
Fariba Bayat ²

¹ Research Assistant Professor of Soil and Water Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.

² Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Hamedan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

With the increasing of demand for medicinal plants, the world consumption of garlic in many continues is growing. Therefore, the quality can influence the acceptability of the products by consumers. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) micronutrients on yield and growth parameters of garlic (Allium sativum L.). The experiment was laid out in Hamedan province during 2010-2012 as factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental was conducted with four levels of Zn (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha^-1) and three levels of Mn (0, 20 and 40 kg ha^-1). As the results, the yield and growth parameters correlated significantly with increasing of zinc concentration. The highest yield (7997 kg ha^-1) was obtained by application of 20 kg ha^-1 zinc sulfate respective to the control (6099 kg ha^-1). Significant correlation was obtained between Mn concentration and plant yield, and soluble solids concentration only. The interaction of Zn and Mn application were significant on number of gloves and brix. In general, to increase the yield and improvement the quality of garlic, application of 20 kg ha^-1 zinc sulfate and 40 kg ha^-1 manganese sulfate could be recommended for regions and conditions like of current project conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Color of bulbs
Flavor and perfume compounds
Pyruvate and quality

مراجع

Anthon G.E., and Barrett D.M. 2003. Modified method for determination of pyruvic acid with dinitophenylhydrazine in the assessment of onion pungency. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83: 1210-1213.

Bacon J.R., Moates G.K., Ng A., Rhodes M.J.C., Smith A.C., and Waldron K.W. 1999. Quantitative analysis of flavor precursors and pyruvate levels in different tissues and cultivars of onion (Allium cepa L.). Food Chemistry, 64: 257-261.

Barker A.V., and Pilbeam D.J. 2007. Handbook of Plant Nutrition. CRC press. Boca Raton, USA. 660p.

ChanChan M., Hore J.K., Chattopadhyay N., and Ghanti S. 2011. Influence of micronutrients on growth and yield of garlic. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Minor Fruits and Medicinal Plants for Health and Ecological Security (ISMF & MP), West Bengal, India, pp.195-200.

Duffner A., Hoffland E., and Temminghoff E.J.M. 2012. Bioavailability of zinc and phosphorus in calcareous soils as affected by citrate exudation. Plant and Soil, 361: 165-175.

Eaglling D., and Sterling S. 2000. A cholesterol – lowering extract from garlic. A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Publication number 0063. Project number DAV-124A.

Eid S., Shafshak N., and Abo-Sedera F. 1991. Effect of potassium fertilization and foliar application of certain micro nutrients combinations on growth, yield and chemical composition of garlic plants. Annals of Agricultural Science, 29(2): 981-993.

Gee G.W., and Bauder D. 1986. Particle size analysis. In: Dane J.H. and Topp C.G.(Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part4. Physical Methods. Soil Science Society American Book Series 5. Madison, WI, USA. pp. 255-292.

Gupta N.K., and Ganeshe R.K. 2000. Response of Borax and zinc sulphate on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Advances in Plant Sciences, 13(1): 237-239.

Hameda E.S.E. A., Abdullah H.A. El-Morsy, and H.S.A. Othaimen. 2015. The Role of sulphur and certain foliar spray levels of micro-nutrients on garlic (Allium sativum L.) plant. International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2(6): 76-87.

Islam M.R., Uddin M.K., Sheikh M.H.R., Mian M.A.K., and Islam M.Z. 2012. Yield of garlic (Allium Sativum L.) under different levels of zinc and boron. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 10(1): 55-62.

Jones J. 2001. Laboratory Guide for Conducting Soil Tests and Plant Analysis. CRC Press, LLC. USA. 362p.

Madamba P.S., Driscoll R.H., and Buckle K.A. 1993. Moisture content determination of garlic by convection oven method. Asian Food Journal, 8(2): 81-83.

Malakouti M.J., and Lotfollahi M.A. 2000. The Role of Zinc on the Improvement of the Quality and Yield of Agricultural Crops and the Enhancement of Peoples Health. Agricultural Education Publisher, Iran. 193p.

Marschner H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. (2^nd Ed.), Academic Press Hall. New York, USA, 889p.

McLean E.O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page A.L. Miller R.H. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Soil Science Society American Book Series 5. Madison, WI, USA. pp. 199-224.

Mel-nik T. 1973. The effect of minor elements on chlorophyll content in garlic leaves. CAB Abstracts, 1972-1975.

Moreira H.T., Villegas M.I., and Cabrera R.L. 1987. Browning and cooked flavour of garlic during dehydration. Technologia Quimica, 8(1): 31-36.

Nelson D.W. and Sommers L.E. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Sparks D.L., Page A.L., Helmke P.A., and Loeppert R.H. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society American Book Series 5. Madison, WI, USA. pp. 967-1010.

Pereira E., Fornazier M., and Souza J. 1987.Effects of organic fertilization with compost on the garlic crop. Horticulture Brasileira, 5(1): 36-38.

Richards L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. US Salinity Laboratory Staff, Agricultural Handbook No 60, USA, 154p

Rohidas S.B., Bharadiya P.S., Jature S.D., and Ghate K.B. 2010. Effect of micronutrient on growth and yield of garlic (Allium Sativum L.) var. G-41. The Asian Journal of Horticulture, 5(2): 517-519.

Ruiz S.R. 1985. Seasonal variation in foliar levels N, P, K, Ca, Mg and microelements and preliminary standards for N in garlic. Agricultura. Technica, 45(2): 159-161.

Sakarvadia H.L., Polara K.B., Parmar K.B., Babaria N.B., and Kunjadia B.B. 2009. Effect of potassium and zinc on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by garlic. Asian Journal of Soil Science, 4(1): 110-112.

Sharangi A.B., Pariari A., Datta S., and Chatterjee R. 2003. Effect of boron and zinc on growth and yield of garlic in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. Crop Research (Hisar), 25(1): 83-85.

Singh S., Ram M., and Yadav N. 2014. Effect of phosphorus and zinc application on the growth and yield of geranium (Pelarconum Graveolens L.) intercropped with garlic (Allium Sativum L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 48(1): 1-8.

Tehrani M.M., Pasandideh M., and Davoodi M.H. 2011. Determination of micronutrients distribution and recommendation in Guilan, Mazandaran, Kermanshah, East Azarbaijan, Hamedan and Esfahan irrigated land. Final report no. 1618, Soil and water Research Institute, kararj, Iran.

Thomas G.F., Bogash S.M., Orzolek M.D., Kime L.F., and Harper J.K. 2009. Garlic production. Peen State Extension. Available in: https://extension.psu.edu/garlic-production.

Trehan S.P., and Sharma R.C. 2000. Phosphorus and zinc uptake efficiency of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in comparison to wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Indian Journal of Agriculture Science, 70: 840-845.

Trehan S.P. and Sharma R.C. 2003. Root–shoot ratio as indicator of zinc uptake efficiency of different potato cultivars. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34(7&8): 919-932.

Wall M.W., and Corgan J.N. 1992. Relationship between pyruvate analysis and flavor perception for onion pungency determination. Horticulture Science, 27: 1029-1030.

Westerman L.Z. 1990. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. Soil Science Society American Book Series 5. Madison, WI, USA, 784p.

Whitaker J.R. 1976. Development of flavor, odor and pungency in onion and garlic. Advanced Food Research, 22: 37.

Yanazawa T., and Fujii S. 1972.Studies on leaf chlorosis in Bakers garlic grown on sandy soils. IV. foliar sprays for correcting zinc deficiencies in garlic plants. Journal of Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 41(1): 61-65.

Yang F.J., Liu S., and Zang X. 2005. Effect of zinc on physiological-biochemical indexes and nutrition quality of garlic. Soil and Fertilizers, 1: 35-38.